Chapter 54 Mastering Biology: Community Ecology

25 July 2022
4.7 (114 reviews)
24 test answers

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers (20)
question
When interspecific competition has an outcome called competitive exclusion, _________. A. the inferior competitor will continue to reside in the niche but at reduced numbers B. both species will become extinct C. the superior competitor will find a way to make room for the other species D. both species will continue to coexist E. the inferior competitor will be eliminated
answer
E. the inferior competitor will be eliminated
question
A leech that attaches itself to a swimmer is an example of __________. A. an endoparasite B. prey C. an ectoparasite D. a pathogen E. a parasitoid
answer
C. an ectoparasite
question
Similar species can coexist in a community by using _________. A. competitive exclusion B. predation C. resource partitioning D. a demographic transition E. character displacement
answer
C. resource partitioning
question
Examples of defensive adaptations include all of the following except ________. A. aposematic coloration B. Müllerian mimicry C. mechanical defense D. Batesian mimicry E. predation
answer
E. predation
question
The flower fly resembles a honeybee, but the flower fly has no stinger. This is an example of __________. A. Müllerian mimicry B. interspecific competition C. Batesian mimicry D. cryptic coloration
answer
C. Batesian mimicry
question
_________ is the tendency of characteristics to diverge more in sympatric than in allopatric populations. A. Competitive exclusion B. Character displacement C. Carrying capacity of the area D. Resource partitioning E. A demographic transition
answer
B. Character displacement
question
Under which of the following circumstances would interspecific competition be most obvious? A. Among species whose trophic levels are different B. In the presence of a keystone species C. When resources are most abundant D. When organisms have quite different ecological niches E. When a nonnative organism is introduced to a community
answer
E. When a nonnative organism is introduced to a community
question
_________ is used to compare the diversity of communities across time and space. A. Relative abundance B. Species diversity C. Community diversity D. Shannon diversity E. Species richness
answer
D. Shannon diversity
question
Succession of communities occurs because __________. A. resources in an area are limited B. climatic changes lead to reduced water availability C. most populations have a limited life span and die, making room for others D. None of the listed responses is correct. E. each existing community changes the environment
answer
E. each existing community changes the environment
question
The sum of a species' use of the biotic and abiotic resources in its environment is called __________. A. its ecological niche B. a demographic transition C. its ecological footprint D. a community E. the carrying capacity of the area
answer
A. its ecological niche
question
Flounder is a type of fish that looks like the seafloor. This is an example of __________. A. Müllerian mimicry B. warning coloration C. Batesian mimicry D. cryptic coloration E. character displacement
answer
D. cryptic coloration
question
What happens to the number of species in a community as the area of that community increases? A. The area of the community is not involved in determining the number of species present. B. The number of species does not change. C. The number of species in the community increases. D. None of the listed responses is correct. E. The number of species drops.
answer
C. The number of species in the community increases.
question
The poison-arrow frogs Dendrobates of tropical America are all brightly colored and have very similar patterns. Although each species is distasteful to predators and all possess toxic skin secretions, some of the species live quite separate from the others. The adaptive relationship among these species is best termed __________. A. parasitism B. commensalism C. Batesian mimicry D. Müllerian mimicry E. cryptic coloration
answer
D. Müllerian mimicry
question
A group of populations of different species living close enough to interact is called a __________. A. family B. biome C. biological community D. clade
answer
C. biological community
question
The relationship between an organism and individuals of other species in a community involves _________. A. a demographic transition B. an ecological niche C. an ecological footprint D. interspecific interactions E. carrying capacity of the area
answer
D. interspecific interactions
question
The order of the stages of primary succession beginning with glacial retreat as seen at Glacier Bay, Alaska, are ________. A. Pioneer, Dryas, Spruce, and Alder stages B. Pioneer, Alder, Dryas, and Spruce stages C. Pioneer, Dryas, Alder, and Spruce stages D. Pioneer, Spruce, Alder, and Dryas stages E. Pioneer, Spruce, Dryas, and Alder stages
answer
C. Pioneer, Dryas, Alder, and Spruce stages
question
A species of malaria-carrying mosquito lives in a forest in which two species of monkeys, A and B, coexist. Species A is immune to malaria, but species B is not. The malaria-carrying mosquito is the chief food for a particular kind of bird in the forest. If all these birds were suddenly eliminated by hunters, which of the following would be an immediately observable consequence? A. Emergence of malaria-sensitive strains in monkey species A B. Increased mortality in monkey species B C. Increased mortality (death rate) in monkey species A D. Increased mortality in the malaria-carrying mosquitoes E. Emergence of malaria-resistant strains in monkey species B
answer
B. Increased mortality in monkey species B
question
In an area where soil has not yet formed, called primary succession, the life-forms that are first found are _________. A. worms and lichens B. protists and annelid worms C. worms and shrubs D. prokaryotes and protists E. lichens and mosses
answer
D. prokaryotes and protists
question
A zoonotic pathogen is _________. A. transferred from humans to animals in zoos B. transferred from animals to animals C. transferred to humans from other animals D. transferred from humans to humans E. transferred from humans to other animals
answer
C. transferred to humans from other animals
question
Commensalism is ________. A. an interaction between species that benefits one of the species but neither harms nor helps the other species B. an interspecific interaction that benefits both species C. an interaction where species have positive effects on the survival and reproduction of other species without necessarily living in the direct and intimate contact of symbiosis D. a symbiotic interaction in which one organism derives nourishment from another organism E. the beginning of an ecological interaction between two species
answer
A. an interaction between species that benefits one of the species but neither harms nor helps the other species
question
A diagram of the trophic relationships of a community showing who eats whom is called a(n) __________. A. marine food chain B.terrestrial food chain C. food web D. Productivity chart E. energetic hypothesis
answer
C. food web
question
Certain species of acacia trees in Central and South America have hollow thorns that house stinging ants, which attack anything that touches the tree. The ants feed on nutrients produced by the acacias. This is an example of __________. A. commensalism B. mutualism C. facilitation D. parasitism E. predation
answer
B. mutualism
question
What is the key difference between a dominant species and a keystone species? A. Keystone species are more successful at evading their predators and the impacts of disease. B. The removal of a dominant species from a community has more impact than removing a keystone species. C. While dominant species are the most abundant, keystone species exert control through important roles or niches. D. There is no difference. The two terms are synonymous. E. Dominant species alter the structure or dynamics of the environment; keystone species are the most abundant.
answer
C. While dominant species are the most abundant, keystone species exert control through important roles or niches
question
In the North Pacific, sea otters are keystone predators. A reduction in their numbers has resulted in what changes in the marine community? A. Orcas beginning to prey on sea urchins B. Mutualism among prey species, which maintained species diversity C. Resource partitioning, allowing otherwise competing species to coexist D. Competitive exclusion, which reduced species richness E. Decreased community diversity
answer
E. Decreased community diversity