Theatre Ch. 8

A. that everyday life is beset by the eternal confusion between appearance and reality.
Explanation: The playwright Luigi Pirandello uses the theme of the theatricality of human existence to explore the idea that our lives are filled with confusion between what appears to be true and what is actually true. He does this by presenting a group of characters who are searching for an author, or a creator, who can give their lives meaning and purpose. The characters are frustrated and confused because they feel that they are living in a world where appearances are often deceiving and reality is often hidden. By showing the characters' struggles to find clarity and understanding, Pirandello highlights the ways in which we all often feel like we are searching for an author or a creator who can help us make sense of our lives.

TRUE
Explanation: The Moscow Art Theatre was the theatre where Chekhov collaborated with Konstantin Stanislavsky. It was founded in 1898 by Stanislavsky and Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, and was the first theatre in Russia to produce plays by Anton Chekhov.

TRUE
Explanation: While the Symbolist theatre did deal with inner realities, it also dealt with literal realities. For example, one of the most famous Symbolist plays, The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari," is a very literal story about a man who goes insane and starts murdering people."

FALSE
Explanation: Brecht's distance effects were designed to make the audience more engaged with the characters and their situation. He believed that if the audience could see the characters as people who were just like them, they would be more likely to feel sympathy for them.

TRUE
Explanation: Ibsen's plays have had a lasting impact primarily due to the choice of issues he addresses and his skill at showing both sides of an issue or conflict through psychologically realistic detail. Ibsen was one of the first playwrights to tackle controversial social issues head-on, and he did so with a level of nuance and understanding that was unmatched by his contemporaries. His ability to capture the inner workings of his characters' minds through dialogue and action continues to be lauded by critics and scholars, and his plays remain highly relevant to modern audiences.

A. Brecht's theatre of alienation
Explanation: A. Brecht's theatre of alienation:In Brecht's theatre, the goal is to distance the audience from the action on stage, in order to make them think critically about what they are seeing. This is done through a didactic performance style, where the actors make it clear that they are performing a role, and through a stage design that calls attention to its own artifice.B. Artaud's theatre of cruelty:In Artaud's theatre, the goal is to shock and disturb the audience, in order to create a visceral, emotional response. This is done through an acting style that is highly stylized and exaggerated, and through a stage design that is often chaotic and confusing.C. Pirandello's metatheatre:In Pirandello's metatheatre, the goal is to make the audience aware of the artificiality of theatre, and to question their own assumptions about reality. This is done through a self-referential style of performance, where the actors break the fourth wall and address the audience directly, and through a stage design that is deliberately unrealistic.D. Beckett's realism:In Beckett's theatre, the goal is to create a sense of the absurd and the meaningless of human existence. This is done through a spare and minimal stage design, and through a performance style that is often slow and halting, with long pauses between lines of dialogue.

A. Chekhov created deeply complex relationships among his characters.

D. Bertolt Brecht
Explanation: D. Bertolt Brecht

TRUE
Explanation: The term avant-garde" is derived from the French word for "advance guard" or "vanguard". This term was originally used to describe the military tactic of sending a small group of troops ahead of the main army to scout out the enemy's position and to engage them in battle. Over time, the term came to be used more broadly to refer to any group or individual who is ahead of the mainstream in terms of ideas, art, or culture.Today, the term "avant-garde" is often used to describe artists, writers, and musicians who are pushing the boundaries of traditional forms and experimenting with new and innovative ideas. While the avant-garde may not always be immediately popular or commercially successful, their work often has a lasting impact on the direction of their field."

C. expressionism
Explanation: ismDadaism was a type of drama in vogue in Germany during the first two decades of the century. It featured shocking and gutsy dialogue, boldly exaggerated scenery, piercing sounds, bright lights, and an abundance of primary colors.

B. metatheatre
Explanation:ismDadaism was a type of drama in vogue in Germany during the first two decades of the century. It featured shocking and gutsy dialogue, boldly exaggerated scenery, piercing sounds, bright lights, and an abundance of primary colors.

B. Artaud's theatre of cruelty.

FALSE
Explanation: Voltaire was a French philosopher who developed the philosophy of naturalism. Naturalism is the belief that nature is the only source of knowledge and that humans are a part of nature. Voltaire believed that humans could use reason to understand the natural world and that humans should use their reason to improve the world.

A. naturalism
Explanation: Naturalism was a movement that developed independently of realism and based its aesthetics on nature, particularly on humanity's place in the (Darwinian) environment. It tried to create life itself on stage.

A. has had a lasting effect on modern theatre.
Explanation: Realist theatre is a movement that began in the late 19th century and had a lasting effect on modern theatre. It was spurred by a desire to create theatre that was more realistic and down-to-earth, as opposed to the more stylized and unrealistic theatre of the time. Realist theatre was short-lived as a movement, but its impact can still be seen in modern theatre.

C. absurdism
Explanation: Absurdism was based in the idea that, although humans search for some meaning or purpose in human life, they are met with a world that is fragmented, unorganizable and chaotic, making the effort futile.

B. The symbolists did not dispense with realism by enhanced it with antirealist styles which followed no single belief.
Explanation: C. In order to assault the dimensions of lived reality, symbolist drama fostered the use of miniature by plays-within-the- plays acted by puppets.

FALSE
Explanation: Realist drama is a form of drama that attempts to break through the limitations of language and character in order to arrive at an insight into a greater metaphysical cosmos. This type of drama is often seen as being more true to life than other types of drama, as it attempts to depict characters and events in a more realistic way.

C. slice-of-life action.
Explanation: The subject matter of naturalistic plays is typically the conflict among nations, the symbolic representation of the natural world and environment, as well as events or objects.

B. Naturalism paralleled but existed independently of realism and sought to eliminate every vestige of dramatic convention.
Explanation: C. Naturalism is a word applied to the success of the performance; realism refers to the dramatic style.