The Brain - Parts & Functions

24 July 2022
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Limbic system
Limbic system
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A group of subcortical structures (as the hypothalamus, the hippocampus, and the amygdala) of the brain that are concerned especially with emotion and motivation.
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Cerebral cortex
Cerebral cortex
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Outer layer of the brain, thinking, organizing, and creative center.
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Brainstem
Brainstem
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Connects the spinal cord to the remainder of the brain and contains many ascending and descending nerve tracts. Consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain.
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Frontal lobe
Frontal lobe
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Largest and longest lobe in each hemisphere. Located in the upper forward half. Association areas are involved with planning, problem-solving, personality, decision making, controlling emotions and speech production
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Parietal lobe
Parietal lobe
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Located in the upper back half of the brain. Receives and processes sensory information from the body and skin senses as well as other sensory areas in the brain. Association areas are invovled with spatial reasoning and sensing the position of the body in space.
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Temporal lobe
Temporal lobe
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A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language.
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Occipital lobe
Occipital lobe
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An area at the back of each cerebral hemisphere that is the primary receiving area for visual information.
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Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus
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A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward.
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Thalamus
Thalamus
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A forebrain structure that processes sensory information for all senses, except smell, and relays it to the cerebral cortex.
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Cerebral cortex
Cerebral cortex
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The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center.
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Corpus callosum
Corpus callosum
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A thick band of axons that connects the two cerebral hemispheres and acts as a communication link between them.
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Midbrain
Midbrain
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A small part of the brain above the pons that integrates sensory information and relays it upward.
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Pons
Pons
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A hindbrain structure that connects the medulla to the two sides of the cerebellum; helps coordinate and integrate movements on each side of the body
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Medulla
Medulla
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An extension of the spinal cord into the skull that coordinates heart rate, circulation, and respiration.
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Cerebellum
Cerebellum
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Control of finely coordinated movements. Coordination center, voluntary movement and balance. "Small brain."
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Spinal cord
Spinal cord
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Nerves that run up and down the length of the back and transmit most messages between the body and brain
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Reticular formation
Reticular formation
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A nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal.
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Amygdala
Amygdala
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A limbic system structure involved in memory and emotion, particularly fear and aggression.
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Hippocampus
Hippocampus
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A curved forebrain structure that is part of the limbic system and is involved in learning and forming new memories
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Motor cortex (frontal lobe)
Motor cortex (frontal lobe)
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An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements
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Broca's area (frontal lobe)
Broca's area (frontal lobe)
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controls language expression-area of the frontal lobe in left hemisphere that directs muscle movements invloved in speech
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Prefrontal cortex (frontal lobe)
Prefrontal cortex (frontal lobe)
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most frontal region of the frontal lobe; involved in higher-order cognitive processes (planning, decision making, emotional control)
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Somatosensory cortex (parietal lobe)
Somatosensory cortex (parietal lobe)
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A brain area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body sensations
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Visual cortex (occipital lobe)
Visual cortex (occipital lobe)
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Area of the brain responsible for the initial conscious registration of visual information; the designation of electric (nerve) impulses from the retina
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Auditory complex (temporal lobe)
Auditory complex (temporal lobe)
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hearing center located in temporal lobe
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Wernicke's area (temporal lobe)
Wernicke's area (temporal lobe)
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controls language reception - a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe