Rainfall And Bird Beaks GIZMO

24 July 2022
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HMS Beagle voyage
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1831-1836
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geospiza fortis
geospiza fortis
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has a smaller beak and is more likely to be able to adapt to a diet of small, delicate seeds
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geospiza magnirostris
geospiza magnirostris
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has a large and strong beak so it can easily adapt to a diet of large, tough-to-crack seeds
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adaptions
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traits that help an organism survive in its environment
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beak depth
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the distance from the top to the bottom of the beak of a finch
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avg rainfall is 25cm/yr
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- finch populations changes erratically - the beak depth does not change very much
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Galapagos Islands
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dry, avg, rainfall of 12cm/yr
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what impact does rainfall have an finches?
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it has a large impact on the abundance and types of seeds that are available to be eaten by the finches
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natural selection with finches
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the finches that are best adapted to the available seed types survive and have offspring
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do all finches have the same beak depth?
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no
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range of beak depths
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the difference between the largest and the smallest finch beaks
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are finches with very small, medium, or large beaks most likely to survive during normal times of rainfall?
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birds with medium sized beaks adapt best to the rainy season b/c there is a larger population of finches w/ medium-sized beaks during the rainy season in the Galapagos islands
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what happens to plants in the Galapagos during a drought?
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plants don't produce new seeds, so small delicate seeds get eaten up quickly and the largest seeds get leftover
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what type of beak will be best for finding food in a drought?
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bigger beaks b/c they will be able to eat the bigger and tougher seeds after the smaller seeds get eaten up but the small-beaked birds will not be able to eat the big seeds
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what happens when the rain is set to 5cm/yr?
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beak depth decreases and the beak range decreases
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how were the finches affected by the drought?
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the finches w/ bigger beaks survived while the finches w/ smaller beaks did not and the overall population of finches decreased
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what caused the increase of the avg. beak depth during the drought?
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a decrease in small-beaked finches, while most of the bigger-beaked finches remained living
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directional selection
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individuals at one end if the range are more likely to survive than intermediate individuals or individuals at the opposite end of the range
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stabilizing selection
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intermediate individuals are the most likely to survive
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evolution
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change over time
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how is directional selection related to evolution?
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over time organisms evolve and the ones that are left are the ones that are more likely to survive that have the best traits for a certain condition while the other ones die
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what beak shape is best for finding food in a period of abundant rainfall?
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a longer and thinner beak will be the best b/c bird can use it to collect and find seeds in soil that may be wet and muddy
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what happens to the finches after 5 years of plentiful rain?
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- beak depth gets lower - the range of beak depths gets lower - there is a higher overall finch population - there are more finches will smaller beaks
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what caused the decrease in avg. beak depths after 5 yrs of plentiful rainfall?
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the number of large beaked finches decreased
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what caused the changes in the finch population after the period of abundant rainfall?
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- the finch population growth was caused b/c more rain = more seeds = more finches - the avg. beak sized dropped b/c most of the big-beaked birds died
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what would happen if finches colonized islands and one was very dry and the other had plentiful rainfall?
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the small-beaked finches would mostly live on the rainy island, and the larger-beaked finches would mostly live on the drier island after millions of years, the population will increase and the finches on each island will have evolved so that the finches have the most ideal traits for the island they are on