Quiz 4 (Chapter 6, 7, And 8)

Which part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids? A) central carbon B) acid group C) side chain D) amine group

All of the following are examples of protein hormones EXCEPT: A) estrogen. B) glucagon. C) insulin. D) thyroid.

Essential amino acids are more important to the human body than nonessential amino acids. True or False

Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body are termed nonessential. True or False

Because of their increased protein needs, it is unhealthy for athletes to choose to become vegetarians. True or False

Diets high in protein are associated with low blood cholesterol levels. True or False

Which of the following is NOT typically a nutrient of concern for vegans? A) vitamin C B) calcium C) iron D) vitamin B12

Complete proteins are primarily found in animal sources. True or False

Most Americans consume sufficient or excess amounts of dietary protein. True or False

Which of the following supplements would you recommend a vegan add to his/her diet? A) protein B) vitamin C C) vitamin B12 D) fiber

Which of the following foods is a source of complete proteins? A) chicken B) broccoli C) apple D) whole grain bread

The protein RDA for sedentary people is 0.8 g per kilogram body weight per day. True or False

What element makes protein different from carbohydrate and fat? A) nitrogen B) oxygen C) carbon D) hydrogen

The type of vegetarian who eats vegetables, grains, fruits, and milk but excludes all other types of animal protein is called a: A) lacto-vegetarian. B) lacto-ovo vegetarian. C) pesco-vegetarian. D) vegan.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) HCl inhibits the digestion of fat so it does not compete with protein digestion. B) HCl untangles the strands of protein and breaks the peptide bonds. C) HCl denatures protein to allow digestive enzymes to break down the protein. D) HCl activates pepsinogen from pepsin.

Which of the following is the most complete protein from a plant source? A) corn B) carrots C) broccoli D) soybeans

Soybeans are good sources of protein; the protein quality is almost identical to that of meat. True or False

Which of the following proteins are fundamental to the immune system? A) transport proteins B) buffers C) enzymes D) antibodies

Significant chemical digestion of protein begins in the: A) small intestine. B) mouth. C) pancreas. D) stomach.

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions without being physically altered. True or False

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be in positive nitrogen balance? A) a 20-year-old female who is consuming 500 calories a day B) a 10-year-old boy recovering from severe burns C) a 9-year-old girl who is experiencing a growth spurt D) a 30-year-old man with a temperature of 103.7°

Which of the following is NOT a MAJOR function of protein in the human body? A) providing energy to the body B) growth and maintenance of new tissue C) maintaining fluid balance D) synthesis of hormones

Which of the following is used to measure protein quality? A) the protein efficiency ratio B) the digestibility of the protein C) the amount of essential amino acids present D) both the amount of essential amino acids and proteins digestibility

A complete protein: A) contains all 20 amino acids. B) is composed of only di- and tripeptides. C) has not been denatured. D) contains all 9 essential amino acids.

Vegetarian diets are associated with increased consumption of ________. A) carcinogens B) antioxidants C) vitamins B12 and D D) prions

Which of the following health problems has been associated with high protein intakes? A) marasmus B) edema C) sickle cell anemia D) elevated blood cholesterol

Benito is a healthy 19-year-old college student who is sedentary. He is 5'11" tall and weighs 175 pounds. How many grams of protein would you recommend he consume each day? A) 75 grams B) 84 grams C) 64 grams D) 55 grams

All of the following are parts of an amino acid molecule EXCEPT: A) a central carbon. B) an acid group. C) a fatty acid group. D) an amine group.

The absorption of proteins occurs in the: A) small intestine. B) large intestine. C) stomach. D) liver.

The type of protein-energy malnutrition characterized by a general lack of protein, energy, and nutrients in the diet is called: A) marasmus. B) kwashiorkor. C) cystic fibrosis. D) sickle cell anemia.

What is the primary reason we sweat? A) to excrete waste products B) to maintain sodium balance C) to maintain blood volume D) to regulate body temperature

How do antioxidant minerals stabilize free radicals? A) enzymatic destruction B) donate electrons or hydrogens C) phagocytosis D) break down and convert them to less damaging molecules

________ of an adult's healthy body weight is fluid. A) Ten to thirty percent B) Fifty to seventy percent C) Seventy to ninety percent D) Thirty to fifty percent

Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin E? A) improving the absorption of vitamin C if dietary intake is low B) protecting PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) in cell membranes from oxidation C) enhancing the immune system and protecting white blood cells D) protecting LDLs (low-density lipoproteins) from oxidation

Hyponatremia is more likely to be a result of: A) insufficient intake of dietary sodium. B) excessive intake of dietary sodium. C) overhydration. D) dehydration.

Which of the following statements about Selenium is true? A) Selenium content is similar in all foods. B) The amount of selenium in a food is not dependent upon the selenium content of the soil. C) Pork and seafood are not good sources of selenium. D) Selenium is found in relatively consistent amounts in animal foods.

Which of the following foods contains the lowest amount of sodium? A) 1 cup of canned vegetable soup B) 1 large dill pickle C) 1 oz. of potato chips D) 1 medium fresh orange

Research studies have consistently demonstrated an association between a reduced risk of cancer and: A) the use of vitamin C supplements. B) increased consumption of fruits and vegetables. C) the use of beta-carotene supplements. D) increased consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids.

Which of the following will likely result if the concentration of electrolytes outside the cell is higher than in the intracellular environment? A) The cell will shrink and dry up. B) The cell will undergo mitosis and divide. C) The cell will burst. D) The cell will be unaffected.

The most critical role that vitamin A plays in the human body is: A) maintaining a healthy immune system. B) maintaining healthy vision. C) acting as an antioxidant and scavenging free radicals. D) maintaining a healthy reproductive system.

Which of the following increases the RDA for vitamin C? A) drinking alcohol B) being a vegan C) smoking cigarettes D) taking supplements of vitamin C

________ are plant compounds with the ability to stabilize free radicals. A) Glutamines B) Chylomicrons C) Phytochemicals D) Intestinal microflora

Diets rich in ________ are associated with maintaining healthy blood pressure levels. A) chloride B) sodium C) potassium D) phosphorus

Which of the following is a diuretic? A) alcohol B) orange juice C) milk D) water

Which of the following is a source of water for our bodies? A) beverages B) foods C) metabolic water (produced by the body) D) all of the above

Diets high in sodium are associated with: A) breast cancer. B) high blood pressure. C) obesity. D) diabetes mellitus.

Which of the following nutrients requires the most frequent consumption to assure adequate body stores? A) vitamin E B) vitamin C C) vitamin A D) beta-carotene

Which of the following diseases has been linked to free radical damage? A) diabetes B) heart disease C) cancer D) all of the above

All of the following are functions of vitamin C EXCEPT: A) Vitamin C ensures proper wound healing. B) Vitamin C protects cell membranes against oxidation. C) Vitamin C plays a role hormone synthesis. D) Vitamin C assists in the synthesis of collagen.

Insensible water loss includes: A) water lost during illness or trauma. B) water lost through respiration. C) water lost during intense exercise. D) water lost through urination.

Most water is lost daily via the ________. A) lungs B) colon C) skin D) kidneys

Which of the following foods would be the best dietary source of pre-formed vitamin A? A) rice B) egg C) cantaloupe D) carrots

Which of the following is FALSE concerning carotenoids? A) Consuming excess dietary beta-carotene can cause skin discoloration. B) Beta-carotene is the only carotenoid that functions as an antioxidant. C) Cooking foods that contain dietary carotenoids enhances their absorption. D) Fruits and vegetables can be rich sources of dietary carotenoids.

All of the following are major functions of sodium EXCEPT: A) assists in muscle contraction. B) maintains normal heart rhythm. C) maintains fluid balance. D) maintains acid-base balance.

Which of the following groups are the MOST vulnerable to dehydration? A) infants and the elderly B) pregnant women and the elderly C) adolescents and children D) infants and pregnant women

Bette suffers from hypertension, and her physician has advised her to reduce her salt intake. Which of the following recommendations would you suggest Bette use to lower her sodium intake? A) Choose fresh fruits and vegetables. B) Follow the DASH diet. C) Avoid processed foods such as canned soups and quick cooking items. D) All of the above would help Bette to lower her sodium intake.

Which of the following foods are the richest sources of vitamin E? A) meat, fish, and poultry B) margarine and vegetable oils C) milk and dairy products D) fruits and vegetables

Which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it has been oxidized? A) folate B) vitamin C C) vitamin B12 D) vitamin D

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding free radicals? A) Exposure to pollution increases free radical production. B) Many diseases, such as cancer and heart disease, are linked to free radical damage. C) Free radicals are formed as a by-product of healthy metabolism. D) Our body has no mechanism to combat free radicals.

Widely distributed in many foods, phosphorous is especially abundant in foods dense in: A) carbohydrate. B) phytic acid. C) protein. D) fat.