Psychology ch.1

After the horror of 9/11, many people said the CIA and FBI should obviously have foreseen the likelihood of this form of terrorism. This perception most clearly illustrates A. overconfidence B. Hindsight Bias C. An empirical Approach D. Critical thinking

Hindsight Bias and overconfidence often lead us to overestimate A. the value of an empirical approach B. How often random sequences fail to look random C. The need for critical thinking D. The accuracy of our intuition

When Leanne read a newspaper report that drinking orange juice triggers hyperactivity in children, she questioned whether the children's behavior had been assessed using scientifically appropriate methods. Leanne's reaction best illustrates A. The perils of intuition B. Hindsight Bias C. Critical Thinking D. Overconfidence

Stacey suggests that because children are more impulsive than adults, they will have more difficulty controlling their anger. Stacey's prediction regarding anger management is an example of: a hypothesis informed consent an operational defintion the placebo effect

Professor Carter observes and records the behavior of grocery shoppers as they select items to purchase. Which type of research is Professor Carter using? survey research case study experimentation naturalistic observation

A negative correlation between people's work-related stress and their marital happiness would indicate that: work-related stress has a negative impact on marital happiness. marital unhappiness promotes work-related stress. higher levels of marital happiness are associated with lower levels of work-related stress.

When people's negative moods are at their worst, whatever they do to try to alleviate the condition is likely to be followed by an improvement in their mood rather than further worsening. This is best explained in terms of: random assignment illusory correlation informed consent regression toward the mean

In drug-treatment studies, double-blind procedures minimize outcome differences between experimental and control conditions that could be attributed to: replication operational definitions random sampling placebo effects

To assess whether sense of humor is affected by sexual stimulation, researchers exposed married couples to either sexually stimulating or to sexually nonstimulating movie scenes prior to watching a comedy skit. In this research, the independent variable consisted of: reactions to the comedy skit levels of sexual stimulation

In an experimental study of the extent to which mental alertness is inhibited by sleep deprivation, mental alertness would be the: control condition independent variable experimental variable dependent variable

Ethical principles developed by psychologists urge investigators to: avoid the use of animals in experimental research. minimize the use of the double-blind procedure with human research participants. treat information about the individual research participants confidentially. avoid the use of financial incentives in any kind of research.

The _______is a measure of_______. standard deviation; central tendency mean;variable; median;central tendency mode;variation

The maximum height of a normal curve corresponds to the ____ of a normal distribution. range mean standard deviation statistical significance

If someone were to flip a coin six times, which of the following sequences of heads(H) and tails(T) would be most likely? HHHTTT HHHTTT HHHTTT All of these sequences would be equally likely.

By testing their predictions by observing human behavior, psychologists are using: intuitive hunches an empirical approach. chance-related explanations inevitable events

Which research method runs the greatest risk of collecting evidence that may be unrepresentative of what is generally true? naturalistic observation the case study experimentation the survey

A correlation of +0.70 between children's physical height and their popularity among their peers indicates that: higher levels of popularity among peers is associated with greater physical height in children. there is no relationship between children's height and their popularity. being unusually short or tall has a negative impact on children's popularity. children's height has no casual impact on their popularity.

In an experimental study of the effects of dieting on weight loss, dieting would be the: control condition independent variable dependent variable placebo

Which of the following processes typically takes place shortly after people complete their participation in a research study? random assignment informed consent the double-blind procedure debriefing

Differences between two samples are LEAST likely to be statistically significant if the samples are_________and the standard________. small;small large;large small;large large;small