What are the units of measurement for tangential speed? For rotational speed?
answer
m/s for tangential, RPM for rotational
question
On a rotating turntable, how do tangential speed and rotational speed vary with distance from the center?
answer
Tangential speed increases with distance. Rotational speed is constant.
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A tapered cup rolled on a flat surface makes a circular path. What does this tell you about the tangential speed of the rim of the wide end of the cup compared with that of the rim of the narrow end?
answer
The tangential speed of the wide end is faster.
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How does the tapered rim of a wheel on a railroad train allow one part of the rim to have a greater tangential speed than another part when it is rolling on a track?
answer
The tangential speed is proportional to the radius. The inside of the wheel rolls on a larger radius than the outside of the wheel.
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How is a flywheel constructed to maximize its rotational inertia?
answer
Most of the mass is concentrated far from the axis.
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Inertia depends on mass; rotational inertia depends on mass and something else. What?
answer
The distribution of mass about the axis of rotation
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As distance increases between most of the mass of an object and its center of rotation, how does rotational inertia change?
answer
It increases.
question
Consider three axes of rotation for a pencil: along the lead, at right angles to the lead at the middle, and at right angles to the lead at one end. Rate the rotational inertias about each axis from smallest to largest.
answer
Axis along the lead, through the center, through one end
question
Which is easier to get swinging: a baseball bat held at the narrow end or a bat held closer to the massive end (choked up)? Also answer for a short bat versus a long bat.
answer
The easiest is choked up and a short bat.
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Why does bending your legs when running enable you to swing your legs to and fro more rapidly?
answer
Bending your legs shortens them, thus reducing rotational inertia.
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Which will have the greater acceleration rolling down an incline: a hoop or a solid disk? Why?
answer
The solid disk will because the mass is closer to the axis of rotation.
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What does a torque tend to do to an object?
answer
Torque tends to twist or change the state of rotation of the object.
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What is meant by the "lever arm" of a torque?
answer
It is the perpendicular distance from the rotational axis to the line along which the force acts.
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How do clockwise and counterclockwise torques compare when a system is balanced?
answer
They are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
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If you toss a stick into the air, it appears to wobble all over the place. Specifically, about what place does it wobble?
answer
It will rotate about the center of mass.
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Where is the center of mass of a baseball? Where is its center of gravity?
answer
The center of mass and the center of gravity are both at the center of the spherical ball.
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If you hang at rest by your hands from a long vertical rope, where is your center of gravity with respect to the rope?
answer
Somewhere straight below where your hands grab the rope
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Where is the center of mass of a hollow soccer ball?
answer
In the center of the ball
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What is the relationship between the center of gravity and the support base for an object that is in stable equilibrium?
answer
A vertical line through the center of gravity must pass inside the support base of the object.
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Why doesn't the Leaning Tower of Pisa topple over?
answer
A vertical line through the center of gravity passes inside its support base.
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Why can't you stand with your heels and back to a wall and then bend over to touch your toes and return to your stand-up position?
answer
A vertical line through the center of gravity of your body is in front of the tips of your toes, which is outside your support base.
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When you whirl a can at the end of a string in a circular path, what is the direction of the force you exert on the can?
answer
Toward the center of the circle
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Is it an inward force or an outward force that is exerted on the clothes during the spin cycle of an automatic washing machine? What about the direction of the force on the water?
answer
The force is inward on clothes and there is none on water.
question
If the string that holds a whirling can in its circular path breaks, what kind of force causes it to move in a straight- line path: centripetal, centrifugal, or no force? What law of physics supports your answer?
answer
No force; Newton's first law
question
If you are not wearing a seat belt in a car that rounds a curve, and you slide across your seat and slam against a car door, what kind of force is responsible for your slide: centripetal, centrifugal, or no force?
answer
There is no force as viewed by someone outside the car. To them you move in a straight line.
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Why is centrifugal force in a rotating frame called a "fictitious force"?
answer
It is not a fundamental force of nature. Instead, it is a force that only appears in an accelerating frame of reference.
question
How can gravity be simulated in an orbiting space station?
answer
a)Spin two pods connected by a cable
b)Rotate a cylinder to create centrifugal force as viewed by a person on the inside of the curved outer wall
c)Spin a station shaped like a bicycle wheel
>>>All of the above
question
Distinguish between linear momentum and angular momentum.
answer
Angular momentum depends on the distribution of mass, whereas linear momentum depends on the total mass.
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What is the law of inertia for rotating systems in terms of angular momentum?
answer
Angular momentum does not change without an applied external torque.
question
If a skater who is spinning pulls her arms in so as to reduce her rotational inertia by half, by how much will her angular momentum change? By how much will her rate of spin change?
answer
Her angular momentum does not change. Her spin rate doubles.
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