Nutrition Midterm- Ch. 5

​In comparison to a low-density lipoprotein, a high-density lipoprotein contains ____. a. ​more cholesterol b. ​more carbohydrate c. ​more triglyceride d. ​less lipid e. ​less protein

When a fatty acid is described as being saturated, it means that it ________ . a. is only one of a few fatty acids normally found in the chemical environment b. contains only single bonds between its carbon atoms c. contains multiple double bonds in its structure between carbon atoms d. contains three bonds linking each carbon atoms e. has limited chemical stability

​Which product has the highest percentage of its fat in polyunsaturated form? a. ​Corn oil b. ​Palm oil c. ​Butter d. ​Beef tallow e. ​Coconut oil

The shorthand used by chemists to denote fatty acids is based on which guideline? a. The first number is divided by the second number to come up with an index score for each fatty acid. b. The first number indicates the number of double bonds, the second number indicates the number of carbon atoms, and the third number indicates the amount of saturation. c. The first number indicates the number of carbon atoms and the second number indicates the location of the double bond structure. d. The acids are simply sequentially numbered. e. The first number indicates the number of carbon atoms and the second number indicates the number of double bonds.

What is the primary role of triglycerides? a. They transport fluids in the body. b. They break down food in the stomach. c. They remove waste from the body. d. They provide the cells with energy. e. They initiate the breakdown of sugars.

When food is consumed, any excess energy is stored in the ________ . a. stomach b. adipose cells c. liver d. gall bladder e. spleen

The appearance of trans fatty acids in a food product indicates ________ . a. the presence of hydrogenated fats b. a limited shelf life c. the presence of omega - 3 fatty acids d. unstable double bonds e. no associated health risks with due to strong antioxidant function

What happens to the bile that is reabsorbed by the small intestine? a. The bile is stored in the blood vessels and can cause blockages. b. The bile is broken down and sent to the kidneys as waste. c. The bile is broken down, sent to the lymphatic system, and discarded as waste. d. The bile is recycled via the liver to the gallbladder. e. The bile is stored in the body's fat cells.

When examining a molecule of lecithin, chemists note that a phosphate group and a molecule of ________ occupy the third attachment site. a. glycerol b. cobalt c. fatty acid d. glucose e. choline

What members of the lipid family are soluble in both water and fat? a. saturated fats b. sterols c. triglycerides d. phospholipids e. omega - 6 fatty acids

​A high risk of heart attack correlates with high blood levels of ____. a. ​very low-density lipoproteins b. ​omega-3 fatty acids c. ​high-density lipoproteins d. ​low-density lipoproteins e. ​free fatty acids

The position of the double bond closest to the methyl (CH3) end of a fatty acid is described by a(n) ________ number. a. omega b. gamma c. alpha d. theta e. poly

What blood lipid is linked most directly to heart disease? a. LDL cholesterol b. linolenic acid c. high - density lipoprotein d. adipose e. linoleic acid

​Which lipid is an essential nutrient? a. ​Stearic acid b. ​Adipokine c. ​Cholesterol d. ​Lecithin e. ​Linoleic acid

In general, mercury is relatively high in ________ . a. most shellfish b. shark c. cod d. salmon e. tilapia

What is a common dietary saturated fatty acid? a. ​Lineolic acid b. ​Oleic acid c. ​Arachidonic acid d. ​Linolenic acid e. ​Stearic acid

A desirable blood lipid profile would include a(n) ________ . a. total cholesterol of > 200 mg/dL b. HDL cholesterol of < 30 mg/dL c. LDL cholesterol of <100 mg/dL d. LDL cholesterol of >150 mg/dL e. triglyceride level of <150 mg/dL

Atherosclerosis is the main cause of ________ . a. obesity b. diverticulitis c. heart valve malfunctions d. cardiovascular disease e. diabetes

According to the Dietary Guidelines, what should be the maximum total fat intake as a percentage of energy intake? a. ​20 b. ​60 c. ​35 d. ​50 e. ​10

If a fat source is considered to represent discretionary kcalories, how should this be interpreted? a. This fat source supplies essential fatty acids. b. This fat source should account for 30% of the daily fat intake. c. This fat source can be consumed in great quantity with no adverse health effects. d. This fat source should be a consistent part of a person's diet. e. This fat source is high in saturated fat and people should limit its intake.

Olestra is an example of a(n) ________ . a. artificial sugar b. enzyme secreted in the small intestine c. enzyme secreted in the liver d. naturally occurring fat in the human body e. artificial fat

​The easiest way to increase intake of oleic acid is to consume more ____. a. ​safflower oil b. ​lard oil c. ​tallow oil d. ​corn oil e. ​olive oil

​Which statement describes a feature of trans-fatty acids? a. ​Hydrogenation converts trans-fatty acids to cis-fatty acids. b. ​The conversion of cis-fatty acids to trans-fatty acids is inhibited by the presence of antioxidants. c. ​In the body, trans-fatty acids are metabolized more like saturated fats than like unsaturated fats. d. ​In nature, most double bonds are trans. e. ​The hydrogen atoms are located on the same side of a double bond.

​How is soluble fiber in the diet thought to help lower blood cholesterol level? a. ​It hydrolyzes cholesterol in the intestinal tract. b. ​It traps cholesterol in the intestinal tract and thus inhibits its absorption. c. ​It enhances excretion of bile leading to increased cholesterol turnover. d. ​It denatures cholesterol in the stomach. e. ​It binds to the fats and denatures them.

​Spherical complexes of emulsified fats are known as ____. a. ​endogenous bilayer aggregates b. ​chylomicrons c. ​monolipomicrons d. ​micelles e. ​polymerized lipids

What are the substances resistin and adiponectin? a. ​Intestinal cell hormones that trigger secretion of pancreatic juice b. ​Glycolipids that regulate synthesis of lipoproteins c. ​Proteins secreted from fat cells that help regulate energy balance d. ​Intestinal cell hormones that regulate secretion of bile e. ​Substances that dampen inflammation and decrease insulin resistance

​Which source of lipids should be substituted for saturated fats to help lower blood cholesterol levels? a. ​Shortening b. ​Coconut oil c. ​Stick margarine d. ​Canola oil e. ​Butter

A person who regularly consumes fish such as shark, king mackerel, and swordfish is at risk for ingesting potentially toxic amounts of ____. a. ​EPA b. ​cadmium c. ​DHA d. ​dioxins e. ​mercury

The oils found in walnuts, soybeans, flaxseed, and wheat germ represent a good source of preformed ____.​ a. ​eicosanoids b. ​linoleic acid c. ​docosahexaenoic acid d. ​linolenic acid e. ​eicosapentaenoic acid

A major feature of the Mediterranean diet is liberal intake of ____.​ a. ​cheese b. ​fortified butter c. ​olive oil d. ​eggs e. ​lean meat