Music Test 6

20 August 2022
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revolt and change
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In music, the early twentieth century was a time of _______
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1900
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the years following _____ saw more fundamental changes in the language of music than any time since the beginning of the baroque era. There was entirely new approaches to the organization of pitch and rhythm and a vast expansion in the vocabulary of sounds, especially percussive sounds. Nonwestern cultures and thought, technology, wars, and sexuality all had profound influences in music
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Igor Stravinsky's ballet "The Rite of Spring"
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The most famous riot in music history occurred in Paris on May 29, 1913, at the premiere of ________. Police had to be called in as hecklers booed, laughed, made animal noises, actually fought with those in the audience who wanted to hear the composer's evocation pf primitive rites.
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Le Sacre du Printemps (The rite of Spring)
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_______, Stravinsky's third ballet score for Russian Ballet, features harsh dissonances, percussive orchestration, rapidly changing matters, violent offbeat accents, and ostinatos. These elements contribute to its primitive style
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Arnold Schoenberg, Claude Debussy, and Igor Stravinsky
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All of the following composers worked in the early yeas of the twentieth century: ______, _______, and ______
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folk and popular music; middle ages through the nineteenth century
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composers in the twentieth century does inspiration from ______ from all cultures, the music of Asia and Africa, and European art music from the ___________
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folk and popular music
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_____ from various cultures around the world inspired composers. These different genres of music had unique approaches to rhythms, sounds, and melodic patterns the devised from the common practice of western music and gave composers a new well of resources
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Bela Bartok
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______, one of the greeting twentieth century composers, and was also a leading scholar of the peasant music of his native Hungary and other parts of Eastern Europe. "Studies of folk music in the countryside," he wrote, "are as necessary to me as fresh air is to other people."
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unusual
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in the twentieth century, musicians were frequently called upon to preform ____ techniques. For example, string players frequently strike the strings with the stick of the box, rather than draw the bow across strings. Percussion instruments became prominent and numerous, reflecting a new interest in unusual rhythms and tone colors. Also, dissonant harmonies no longer needed to be resolved to consonant ones; it was "emancipated"
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gissando
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a _____ is a rapid slide up or down a scale on an instrument.
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playing instruments at the very bottom or top of their ranges, uncommon playing techniques, and using noise like and percussive tones
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as composers expanded the music vocabulary, many new techniques and sounds have become standard. These include: ________, ______, and _______
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tonic-dominant relationship ; bitonality, antonality, and polytonality
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before the twentieth century, western music was based on the _____, a connection that resulted from a special gravitational pull from the dominant chord toward the tonic chord. The motion from dominant to tonic is the essential chord progression of the tonal system. Examples of alternative organizations include _____, _____, and ______
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new sounds
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in search for ____ twentieth century composers used scales other than major or minor. For example, they breathed new life into the church modes- scales that had been used widely before 1600 as well as in folk songs of every period. Other scales were borrowed from the musical tradition of lands outside Western Europe, and still others were invented be composers.
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polytonality
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one twentieth century approach to pitch organization is the use of two or more keys at one time: ______
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atonality
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the logical next step after Wagner's increased use of unresolved dissonances, was to abandon tonality completely. This departure form the tonal tradition is known as _____
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Arnold Schoenberg
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______ wrote the first significant atone pieces around 1908. During the early 1920s, hefelt the need for a more systematic approach to atonal composition, and developed the twelve-tone system, a new technique of pitch organizations
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ostinato
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an ___ is a motive or phrase that is represented persistantly at the same pitch throughout a section. It may occur in the melody or in the accompaniment
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1920s and 1930s
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radio broadcasts of live and recorded music began to reach a large audience during the ____ and became a mass of entertainment
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impressionist painting; symbolist painting
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both _____ and _____ originated in France during the late 19th century
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Claude Debussy
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The most important impressionist composer was _____. Musically speaking, he linked the romantic ea with the twentieth century
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Impression:sunrise
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one painting by one entitled _______- a misty scene of boats in port- particularly annoyed an art critic, who wrote "Wallpaper in its embryonic state is more finished than that seascape" Using Monet's title, the critic mockingly called the entire show "the exhibition of impressionists". The term impressionist stuck, but it eventually lost its derisive implication
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impressionist paintings
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when viewed closely, _____ are made from tiny colored patches. From a distance, the brushstrokes blend and merge into recognizable forms and shimmering colors
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light color, and atmosphere
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impressionist painters were concerned primarily with effects of ____, ____ and ______- with impermanence, change, and fluidity
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free and spontaneous, almost improvised
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Debussy was often inspired by literary and pictorial ideas and his music sounds ______. His treatment of harmony was a revolutionary aspect of musical impressionism. He tends to use a chord more for its special color and sensuous quality than for its function in a standard harmonic progression. He sees successions of dissonant chords that do not resolve. "One must drown the sense of tonality," Debussy wrote.
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whole - tone
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a most unusual and tonally vague scale is the ____ scale, made up of six different notes each a whole step away from the next
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He afternoon of a Faun
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the play and musical work ____ evokes the dreams and erotic fantasies of a pagan forest creature who is half man, half goat
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1920 to 1950
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form about ____ , the music of many composers, including Igor Stravinsky and Paul Hindemith, reflected an artistic movement known as neoclassicism
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neoclassical
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_____ music is not merely a revival of old forms and styles; it uses earlier techniques to organize twentieth century harmonies and rhythms
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Bach's
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many neoclassical composers modeled their compositions after _____ music
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Stravinsky's
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______ extensive output includes compositions of almost every kind, for voices, instruments, and stage. His innovations in rhythm, harmony, and tone color had an enormous influence on other composers
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Primitivism
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_____ is a style that seeks to evoke primitive power through insistent rhythms and persuasive sounds
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The Rite of Spring
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_____ is written for an enormous orchestra including eight horns, four tubas, and a very important percussion section made up of five timpani, bass drum, Tamborine, tam-tam, triangle, antique symbols, an a guiro (a notched gourd scraped with a stick)
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expressionism
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_____, which stressed intense, subjective emotion, was largely centered in Germany and Austria from 1905 to 1925
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expressionism
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_____ and early twentieth century artistic style, stressed intense, subjective and explored inner feelings rather than depicting outward appearances
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Wagner and Mahler; Richard Strauss
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Twentieth century musical expressionism grows out of the emotional turbulence in the works of romances like _____ and _____. Immediate precedents for expressionism are the operas Salome and Elektra by ________ , in which extremely chromatic dissonant music depicts perversion and mussier
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Arnold Schoenberg
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_____ was an almost entirely self- taught musician. He acquired his profound knowledge of music by studying scores, playing in amateur chamber groups, and going to concerts
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university of California in Los Angeles
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In 1933, Schoenberg and his family came to the United States, where he joined the music faculty at _______
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Sprechstimme
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______ ( literally speech-voice) is a vocal style that is halfway between speaking and singing
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A survivor from Warsaw
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______ by Schoenburg, is a dramatic cantata for narrator, male chorus, and orchestra, and deals with a single episode in the murder of 6 million Jews by the Nazis during World War II. Schoenberg wrote the text himself, basing it partly on a direct report by one of the few survivors of the Warsaw ghetto. The narrator's part is a kind of "Sprechstimme", the novel speech-singing developed by Schoenberg
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Bartok
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during the early 1900s, _____ was influenced by the Hungarian nationalist movement and he spent most of his free time in tiny villages recording peasant folk songs. He became a leading authority on peasant music, and his own music was profoundly affected by it
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concerto for orchestra
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Bartok's _____ (his most popular piece) is a showpiece for an orchestra of virtuosos. It is a romantic in spirit because of its emotional intensity, memorable themes, and vivid contrasts of mood.
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George Gershwin
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The American composer _____ grew up on the lower east side of Manhattan, New York
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Appalation Spring
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we now know _____ as a symphonic concert piece, but it originated as a ballet score for Martha Graham, the great modern dancer and choreographer
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minimalist music
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_____ was partly a reaction against the complexity of serialism and the randomness of chance music. It is characterized by steady pulse, clear tonality , and insistent repetition of short melodic patterns
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prepared piano
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____ is a piano whose sound is altered bu objects such as bols, screws, rubber bands, pieces of felt, paper and plastic inserted between the strings gf some cymbals, xylophones, tambourines, and gongs
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short ride in a fast machine
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_____ is orchestrated for a large orchestra, including two synthesizers and a variety of percussion instruments played by four musicians. There are no vocalists or prepared pianos in the piece
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Whitacre's
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In 2009 ____'s music became known to millions of listeners through his Internet Virtual Choir Project. For this project, Whitacre invited singers to submit videos of themselves performing individual vocal parts of his choral piece "Lux Aurumque" Youtube videos sent by 185 singers from twelve countries were combined and coordinated to form a virtual Choir
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Indian raga Music
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john cage's "sonatas and Interludes" is meant to emulate ______