Organized and sponsored by a railroad company in order to enhance the company's business
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The first intercollegiate athletic contest was held in what time period?
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During the mid-1800s
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The initial collegiate athletic contests were
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organized by students
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The "power" schools during the initial collegiate athletic contests were the
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Ivy League schools
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The Intercollegiate Football Association was formed to regulate
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playing and eligibility rules
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The first intercollegiate athletic coach was
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a physical therapist hired to introduce a training program
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The NCAA took on its present day name in 1912. The birth of the NCAA, though, actually occurred in 1905 and the initial name was the
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Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States
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What was the prevailing reason for the push for reform in college football in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
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The number of injuries and deaths occurring
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The Knight Commission was formed in 1989 to propose a reform agenda for intercollegiate athletics. All of the following were the legislative rules passed by the NCAA from recommendations proposed by the Knight Commission except
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conference realignment
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Which of the following is a true statement regarding women's participation in collegiate sports?
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The very first intercollegiate sport competition for women was in the sport of basketball in 1892, but the rules were were changed from the men's game to make it more appropriate for women to play.
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Under the new organizational structure of the NCAA which took effect in August 1997, which NCAA membership division uses a Board of Directors?
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Division I
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Which of the following is not one of the three main components in the basic purpose of the NCAA:
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athletics as a level playing field
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Which of the following best describes the difference between a major and a secondary violation?
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Major: provides a school with an extensive recruiting or competitive advantage.
Secondary: provides a minimal recruiting or competitive advantage and may be inadvertent or isolated in nature.
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Which group determines responsibility and assesses penalties for NCAA infractions?
answer
Committee on Infractions
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Which of the following is not one of the philosophy principles followed by Division I institutions?
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Maximize the number and variety of athletic opportunities available for students.
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Which traditional athletic department staff member oversees adherence to NCAA and conference rules and regulations?
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Compliance coordinator
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This university president was a pioneer at the turn of the 20th century in reforming college football and the number of deaths and injuries that were occurring:
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President MacCracken of New York University
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Which is not an allowable method an athletic department may use when attempting to comply with Title IX standards regarding participation opportunities?
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Showing that a lack of funding, institutional financial limitations, prevents the athletic department from complying with Title IX.
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Youth athletic participation in the United States was first recognized during what time period?
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Before the signing of the constitution
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The Native Americans played a game that the French Jesuit priests called
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lacrosse
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Formally organized athletic participation, particularly those programs run under the auspices of secondary educational institutions, emerged during what time period?
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during the mid-nineteenth century
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The interscholastic football association was formed in 1988 by
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students from several Boston-area public and private schools
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The Progressive Movement promoted athletics as a tool to
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prepare for the rigors of modern life and democracy and to assimilate immigrants into American culture
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During and immediately following World War I, school sports for males were promoted as a tool to
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as a source of physical training for the armed forces
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Educators took control of athletics from students during which time period?
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During and immediately following World War I
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Historically, the most prominent private agency to promote young athletics was
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YMCA
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The administration of school and youth sports, in particular the final authority in determining athletic eligibility, is primarily performed by
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local and state governing bodies/athletic associations
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What association is the final authority in determining athlete eligibility?
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State athletic associations
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State athletic associations are
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the organizing body for state championships and competitions
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Which initial national youth league organization was founded in 1939 as a three-team league?
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Little League Baseball
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Knowledge of injury and physical training, equipment knowledge, and bus-driving skills are highly recommended for this position
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coach
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What concerns do critics have with children participating in highly organized youth athletics?
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development of "win at all costs" attitude
increased pressure to win
safety and increased injury rates
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As financial circumstances for schools and leagues become more strained, these job areas are being asked to perform more fundraising activities:
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coaches and administrators
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Most sex discrimination challenges in high school athletics have been based on
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state or US constitution equal protection clauses
state equal rights amendments
Title IX of the Education amendments of 1972
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The NFHS endorses the concept of gender equity by
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Stating as one of its legal foundations that interscholastic athletic programs must demonstrate equity or substantive and continuous progress toward equity in all facets of boys' and girls' athletics.
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Which of the following youth programs would not have to be Title IX compliant?
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Private youth soccer club
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Grassroots efforts are programs and activities that
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are undertaken to increase sport participation in a particular international region.
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What is the only sports league to ban corporate ownership?
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NFL
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In professional sports, the commissioner has disciplinary power in all of the following areas except
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resolution of disputes over player compensation
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Strikes are much more disruptive in pro sports than in mainstream business because:
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players have unique talents and cannot be replaced with temporary replacement workers.
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As a general rule, league revenues include which of the following?
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stadium sponsorships
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The response to an impasse in labor negotiations is usually
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a strike and a lockout
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A collective bargaining agreement covers
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wages, hours, terms and conditions of employment
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What percentage of NBA television revenues and merchandise sales come from foreign markets?
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40% of each
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Many individuals in the management of professional sports leagues are not fans of salary caps because they
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all of the above
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According to Much and Gotto, what are the two most important factors in determining a sports franchise's value?
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The degree of league revenue sharing and the stability of a league's labor situation.
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Although the NFL bans public ownership, it has made an exception for what team?
answer
Green Bay Packers
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What league first created the position of commissioner to govern the best interests of the sport?
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NBA
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"League think" is the concept
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introduced by Pete Rozelle that owners needed to do what was best for the NFL as a whole, as opposed to their individual franchises.
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The NFL trust is responsible for which of the following activities?
answer
all of these are correct
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What is the current going rate for a franchise in the NFL?
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$200-300 million
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Which of the following is not a revenue that is shared under league revenue-sharing systems?
answer
luxury seating revenue
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The National Federation of State High School Associations performs what roles for the administration of school and youth sports
answer
coordinates certification for officials, playing rules, prints publications, holds conferences, and acts as an advocate.
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Member conferences of the NCAA provide many benefits and services to their member institutions. Identify and describe at least three benefits and services.
answer
compete for championships, provides a revenue-sharing program, gets rich TV contracts
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Commissioners have lost some of their power over time. List the six areas that the commissioner continues to retain discretionary power.
answer
-approval of player contracts -resolution of disputes between players and clubs, between clubs, between players or clubs and the league, disciplinary matters involving owners, and rule making authority.
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Division I conference
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-consists of 340 member institutions, most of which are either in the Football bowl subdivision or the football championship division.
-support the philosophy of competitiveness, generation of revenue through athletics, and national success.
- are required to sponsor at least 14 sport programs, FBS must sponsor 16.
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In 1996, the NCAA passed proposal 7, "Restructuring" at the NCAA convention that year. This restructuring plan gave the NCAA divisions ___________ for conduct within their division: it also eliminated the ___________ structure, in which each school and conference had one vote, assigned to the president or CEO
answer
more control
one school= one vote
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What skills might be needed for an athletic director or an associate athletic director at the collegiate level?
answer
Public relations and negotiating skills
Ability to coach a team
Knowledge of financial and legal complexities that may affect the department
ability to manage a large number of employees
ability to teach an academic class of some type
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