What is the term that describes helping behavior that benefits others?
answer
Prosocial behavior
question
What is the term for nonphysical aggression that is intended to hurt another person's psychological well being?
answer
Relational aggression
question
Some form of domestic violence occurs in _____% of all marriages in the U.S.
answer
25
question
The theory that abuse and neglect of children leads them to be predisposed to abusiveness as adults is called
answer
Cycle of violence hypothesis
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When discussing marital aggression, all of the following are stages that the couple go through EXCEPT
answer
The fight-or-flight stage
question
What percentage of people who were abused or neglected grow up to be abusive and neglectful to their own children?
answer
One third
question
The physical or psychological mistreatment or neglect of elderly individuals is called
answer
Elder abuse
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According to Piaget, what is the term for the earliest, broad stage of moral thinking in which rules are seen as invariant and unchangeable?
answer
Heteronomous morality
question
Prosocial behavior that is learned indirectly by observing the behavior of others is called
answer
Modeling
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In its most extreme form, _________ parenting results in neglect.
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Uninvolved
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Bandura's research indicates that when children watch adults modeling aggressive behavior with the Bobo doll, they are likely to
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Be as or more aggressive than the model
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According to the social learning theory, modeling paves the way for the development of more general rules and principles in a process called
answer
Abstract modeling
question
Approximately how many people over the age of 60 experience elder abuse each year?
answer
2 million
question
Kohlberg proposes that moral development occurs in a fixed order, and that people are unable to reach the highest stage of moral reasoning until __________ due to
answer
Adolescence; lack of cognitive development
question
__________ work is done to help others and requires clear self-sacrifice.
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Altruistic
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What is the term for parents who provide lax and inconsistent feedback and require little of their children?
answer
Permissive
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The Chinese concept of chiao shun suggests that parents should
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Be strict, firm, and in control of their children's behavior
question
In a new and growing phenomenon, parents are turning to ____________ to help them navigate the trials of parenthood.
answer
Parent coaches
question
All of the following are rationales for embracing religion and spirituality in adulthood EXCEPT religion
answer
Helps solve problems that otherwise seem impossible to resolve
question
What is the term for the capability to adjust emotions to a desired state and level of intensity?
answer
Emotional self-regulation
question
What is the term that relates to one's sense of being male or female?
answer
Gender
question
According to psychologist Robert Sternberg, the components of love include all of the following EXCEPT
answer
Companionate love in which strong affection is apparent with people whose lives are deeply involved
question
Surveys indicate that a high proportion of the following college students would consider it acceptable to marry without love.
answer
Pakistani college students
question
For the past three decades, there has been a significant
answer
Decline in the number of couples getting married
question
In which of the following countries is cohabitation the norm?
answer
Sweden
question
What percentage of people eventually marry?
answer
90%
question
Most research regarding marital satisfaction
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Substantiates the "U-shaped" pattern where marital satisfaction is high at the beginning, drops down around the birth of children, and then gradually rises back to its original high level
question
Although the overall divorce rate has declined in the past two decades, divorce among _________ couples is rising.
answer
Middle-aged
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Approximately how many people who divorce will remarry again usually within 2 to 5 years?
answer
Three-quarters
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Which of the following people is most likely to experience feelings of loneliness and increased physical and mental health problems?
answer
Divorced men in general
question
According to Robert Sternberg, when two people are living in an arranged marriage or a couple has decided to stay together "for the sake of the children," this is called
answer
Empty love
question
Research indicates that when girls are exposed to unusually high levels of ________ prenatally, they are more likely to display stereotypical male behaviors.
answer
Androgens
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Which of the following terms describes the period in which the sexual organs mature?
answer
Puberty
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_______________ is the belief that people are permanently males or females depending on fixed, unchangeable biological factors.
answer
Gender constancy
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The prevailing ___________________ decades ago was that premarital sex was considered permissible for males but not for females.
answer
Double standard
question
The age at which adolescents have sexual intercourse for the first time is ________, and _____ have had sex before the age of 20.
answer
Declining; 80%
question
According to current norms, if sexual intercourse occurs within the context of a long-term, committed, or loving relationship, it is called
answer
Permissiveness with affection
question
Which group of teenagers in the U.S. has shown the steepest decline in the number of teenage births in the past decade?
answer
African American
question
The two major factors that determine whether or not an elderly person will engage in sexual activity are
answer
Good physical and mental health and previous regular sexual activity
question
The component of love that encompasses feelings of closeness, affection, and connectedness is called
answer
Intimacy component
question
What type of play involves action in which children play with similar toys, in a similar manner, but do not interact with each other?
answer
Parallel
question
Which of the following age groups of women giving birth have increased over earlier decades?
answer
30-34
question
What is the approximate percentage of children in the U.S. who spend their entire childhood living in the same household with both parents?
answer
50%
question
Immediately after a divorce, both children and parents may show several types of psychological maladjustment for a period that may last from
answer
6 months to 2 years
question
What are the major effects of poverty in children?
answer
High rates of aggression, poorer academic performance, and conduct problems
question
When young adults return after leaving home for some period to live in the homes of their middle-aged parents, this is called being
answer
Boomerang children
question
Which of the following can assist in conflict resolution when elderly people live with their children?
answer
Establishing ground rules regarding roles
question
What is a major drawback of some continuing-care facilities?
answer
Requiring a substantial initial payment
question
What percent of people age 65 to 74 live in nursing homes?
answer
1%
question
Learned helplessness is a belief that
answer
One has no control over one's environment
question
The number of children that one generation must produce to be able to replenish its numbers is called
answer
Replacement level
question
According to psychologist William Damon, a child's view of friendship passes through all of the stages below EXCEPT
answer
Basing friendship on intelligence
question
When living in a blended family, roles and expectations can be unclear, and this is called
answer
Role ambiguity
question
Middle-school-age girls tend to __________; while middle-school-age boys tend to__________.
answer
Play in pairs; develop a dominance hierarchy
question
Groups of people with whom one compares oneself are called
answer
Reference groups
question
Larger groups that are composed of individuals who share particular characteristics but who may not interact with one another are called
answer
Crowds
question
If an adolescent student is liked by some and disliked by others, that adolescent is considered
answer
Controversial
question
All of the following reasons are explanations as to why people become friends EXCEPT
answer
Social standing and financial security
question
The assistance and comfort supplied by another person or a network of caring, interested people is called
answer
Social support
question
What is the most likely reason for the dramatic decrease in the number of children in the average American family?
answer
The availability and use of effective contraceptives
question
A person may be resuscitated and suffer little damage if
answer
His/her heart has stopped beating and breathing has stopped for 5 minutes
question
The acceleration of decline in cognitive functioning related to impending death is called
answer
Terminal decline
question
All of the following are reasons why elderly men commit suicide EXCEPT
answer
Loss of employment
question
People who study death and dying are called
answer
Thanatologists
question
According to Kübler-Ross, what is the first step people pass through as they moved toward death?
answer
Denial
question
According to theorist Charles Corr, people who are dying face a set of psychological tasks which include all of the following EXCEPT
answer
Financially preparing the security of loved ones
question
What do the letters "DNR" on a patient's medical chart mean?
answer
"Do not resuscitate"
question
The practice of assisting people who are terminally ill to die more quickly is called
answer
Euthanasia
question
Which of the following countries support and has legalized assisted suicide performed by physicians?
answer
Netherlands
question
The care provided for the dying in institutions devoted to those who are terminally ill is called
answer
Hospice care
question
The acknowledgement of the objective fact that one has experienced a death is called
answer
Bereavement
question
A diagnosis of death based on the cessation of all signs of brain activity, as measured by electrical brain waves, is called
answer
Brain death
question
In the final stage of grief, people tend to
answer
Reach the accommodation stage where they pick up the pieces of their lives and construct new identities
question
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) usually occurs in babies ages
answer
From 2 to 4 months
question
What matter of death for children ages 1 through 9 has nearly tripled since 1960?
answer
Homicides
question
Around what age are children able to understand that death is universal, final, and that there are customs and rituals associated with death such as funerals, cremation, and cemeteries?
answer
Age 9
question
What is the occurrence in adolescents where they tend not to think that death can happen to them, and, therefore, get involved in risky behavior(s)?
answer
Personal fable
question
In early adulthood, the leading cause of death is
answer
Accidents
question
At what age are fears about death the greatest?
answer
Middle adulthood
question
What are the most likely causes of death in late adulthood?
answer
Cancer, stroke, and heart attacks
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