Ethics Final

National news magazines and television shows show blacks in stories about poverty about _______% of the time? a. 16 b. 29 c. 87 d. 62

What did Jeremy Bentham think we need to know to assess the moral status of animals? A. Whether or not they have a sense of personal identity B. Whether or not they can suffer C. Whether or not they are of any use to others

What does "Old Sparky" refer to? A. The Florida executioner who oversaw 354 executions until his death in 1983 B. The convicted serial killer whose memoir of his transformation to a man of God led to his getting a Pulitzer prize C. The Florida electric chair that was built in 1923 and ended the lives of 225 convicted murders

Which of the following is a true positive in utilitarian reasoning for capital punishment? a. It works as an individual deterrent. b. It saves tax money. c. It works as a general deterrent. d. Most Americans support it.

What is Steinbock's view of animals? A. Steinbock holds that animals need neither be treated as sentient beings nor creatures to whom we owe a duty B. Steinbock holds that animals need to be recognized as both sentient beings and moral agents C. Steinbock holds that animals need neither be treated as equal to humans nor to be given equal weight in terms of interests

What philosopher thought animals were machines devoid of an inner sense of consciousness? A. Descartes B. Peter Singer C. J.S. Mill D. Aldo Leopard

About how many animals are used for experiments each year in the US? a. 15 million b. 30 million c. 5 million d. 70 million

To argue that animals have rights is to appeal to a. Relativism b. Utilitarianism c. Categorical imperative d. Natural law

What does Fullinwider assert regarding affirmative action programs? A. such programs are unjust and unfair to certain groups B. they are no longer necessary after the Civil Rights Act C. they are still necessary because discrimination is a deep phenomenon in our society

Which of our moral theories is most likely to be used in support of the retribution argument for capital punishment? a. Virtue ethics b. Categorical imperative c. Utilitarianism d. Relativism

Animal experimentation appeals to ________ reasoning? a. Natural law b. Kantian c. Utilitarian d. Relative

The cost of life in prison without parole compared to an execution is a. Significantly lower b. About twice as much c. About the same d. Slightly higher

All of the following are examples of types of affirmative action except: B. Giving preferences among equally qualified applicants C. Setting quotas or fixed numbers to actually attain D. Firing or laying-off employees to achieve a closer race-balance

According to Joel Feinberg, what is it about nonhuman animals that makes them capable of rights? A. The fact that humans bestow moral value upon animals B. The fact that animals have a soul D. The fact that animals have an inner life, conscious wishes, desires, and hopes

The Principle of Equality states A. That everyone should be treated equally regardless of differences B. That everyone should be treated equally unless there are relevant differences which justify differential treatment C. That equality is demonstrated by the right to vote

Affirmative action plans must be adopted by a. All companies that receive federal money b. All companies that with over 1000 employees c. All companies with over 50 employees d. All companies that have more than 50 employees and receive federal money

The last execution by hanging took place in a. Utah b. Delaware c. Texas d. Montana

tosuggest that capital punishment is a dif moral questiom for nomadic peoples living in tents or other temporary shelters than 4 societies with maxsecurity prisons is what kindofreasoning? a. Utilitarianism b. Relativism c. Kantian d. Natural law

What makes something a right (as opposed to a wrong)? A. A right is something innately granted to a species-being B. A right is a strong and legitimate claim that can be made by a claimant against someone C. A right is a strong and legitimate claim that is determined to bring about the maximal goodness or benefit for the greatest number of people

By June, 2010 there had been ________ convicts who were found innocent due to DNA testing. a. 88 b. 17 c. 369 d. 254

When was the first Animal Welfare Act passed in the United States? A. 1966 B. 1976 C. 1932 D. 1895

What is required for an egalitarian retributivist? A. That the punishment allows for leniency in special circumstances B. That the punishment shows no evidence of racial or gender bias C. That the punishment should equal the crime D. That the punishment should be determined with fairness and equality

What distinguishes an interest from a right? A. Having an interest in something is to endow it with a set of inherent values B. Having an interest in something is to assert a moral obligation to care for that thing C. Having an interest in something is to recognize it as a moral agent D. Having an interest in something is to have a consciousness of that thing and to want it

Studies show capital crime rates in states that regularly execute compared with states that do not have capital punishment is a. About 10% lower b. About 30% lower c. About the same d. About 40% higher

Which country has the highest incarceration rate in the world a. Russia b. Singapore c. United States d. China

What is meant by "lex talionis"? A. "Justice demands a swift response" B. "Three strikes and you're out" C. "Beware the hawk's talons--they have a grip of steel" D. An "eye for an eye"

What does the M'Naughton Rule say? A. According to this rule, people are responsible for their actions, so long as their guilt could be determined B. According to this rule, retribution is justified by natural law C. According to this rule, people are not responsible for their actions if they did not know what they were doing or did not know it was wrong

Steinbock argues that A. Animals are different from human beings since they do not possess the ability to feel pain and guilt B. Animals are different from human beings since they do not possess responsibility, reciprocity, and self-respect C. Animals are different from human beings since they do not possess self-awareness and self-consciousness

What category of argument is a case for affirmative action based on justice? A. Contractarian B. Consequentialist C. Ethical egoist D. Nonconsequentialist

Who cites Mary Wollstonecraft in arguing that "animal liberation" was once parodied, much like the case for women's rights? A. Bonnie Steinbock B. Aldo Leopold C. Peter Singer D. Nicholas Rescher

What gave women the right to vote? A. The Equal Rights Voting Act B. The Nineteenth Amendment C. The Fourteenth Amendment D. The Civil Rights Act

How many black high school dropouts are prisoners or ex-convicts by the time they reach their mid thirties? a. 45% b. 60% c. 6% d. 30%

What did the Supreme Court rule in Gregg v. Georgia in 1976? B. It ruled that the death penalty violated the Eighth Amendment C. It ruled that the death penalty could not be applied to minors D. It ruled that the death penalty did not violate the Eighth Amendment

What is true of Ernst Van Den Haag's argument regarding capital punishment? A. That guilt is neither personal nor impersonal--it is the result of social or biological determinism B. That guilt is personal and the ideal of equal justice demands that justice be equally distributed--not that it be replaced by equality C. That guilt is personal--but the inequality of our unjust, racist system of so-called justice is a travesty

The fact that having capital punishment "on the table" causes many people to confess to crimes in order to have death "taken off the table" is what kind of ethical reasoning? a. Natural law b. Utilitarianism c. Categorical imperative d. Relativism

What does the term "mens rea" refer to? A. Criminal action--the fact of the crime committed B. Criminal attitudes--the assumption that some are more prone to crime than others C. Criminal intent--the mental element D. Irresistible impulse--or a crime of passion

A Bona Fide Occupational Qualification is A. Any educational qualification required for a job B. Any skill required for the performance of a job C. A qualification which allows for preferences in race or gender in hiring

Who holds the view that animals' interests are the basis for their having rights and rights that are equal to humans? A. Bonnie Steinbock B. Immanuel Kant C. Aristotle D. Peter Singer

Peter Singer argues that B. Equal treatment implies identical treatment C. Equal treatment does not imply identical treatment D. Animals should have the same rights as human beings

Sentience is the ability to A. Perceive and be aware of the world B. To have emotional attachments C. To feel pleasure and pain D. Understand moral responsibilities

What constitutional amendment contains the equal protection clause? A. The Eighth Amendment B. The Fifteenth Amendment C. The Thirteenth Amendment D. The Fourteenth Amendment

What two mechanisms make up the deterrence argument? B. That the purpose of legal punishment is retribution for harms done and to deter people from breaking the law, or both C. That the purpose of legal punishment is to seek justice and to deter people from breaking the law D. That the purpose of legal punishment is to prevent people from breaking the law and it deters them from doing so, or both

What year was the Civil Rights Act passed? A. 1954 B. 1964 C. 1973 D. 1963

What was ruled in Brown vs. Board of Education? A. That affirmative action at Brown University was struck down B. That blacks could not have preferential treatment in hiring C. That religion could not be grounds for rejecting a student from college D. That "separate but equal" is inherently unequal

How many Americans have physical disabilities? a. 14 million b. 43 million c. 27 million d. 65 million