Earth Science Unit 9 Test

How tilted is the axis of the earth's rotation as compared to the plane of the earth's orbit?

The distance from Earth to the Sun is 1.0 _____.

What do we call the days when the Sun is directly overhead the equator?

The pull of the moon on Earth's tidal bulge is causing _____.

Which of the following criteria do astronomers use to classify an object as a planet?

Approximately, how far is the earth from the Sun?

The earth is the _____ largest planet.

_____ is the densest planet.

The point in a planet's orbit where it is closest to the Sun is called the _____.

What causes the seasons on Earth?

Kepler's 1st law: law of ellipses

Kepler's 2nd law: law of equal areas

Kepler's 3rd law: harmonic law

Newton's 1st law of motion

Newton's 2nd law of motion

Newton's 3rd law of motion

Newton's law of universal gravitation

Historical models of the solar system included a ______________ model or earth-centered universe and a ___________ model or sun-centered universe.

The law of equal areas indicates that planets travel __________ when they are closer to the Sun, and __________ when they are farther out from the Sun.

According to Newton's 2nd law of motion, Jim can throw a _____ further than a _____.

Which statement is true?

Newton's _____ law explains why my hands hurt when I clap loudly.

When I bumped the table, the coffee in my cup spilled out. Newton's _____ law explains this reaction.

According to Kepler's law of harmonies, which of these planets takes the longest to orbit the Sun?

According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, which of these objects would have the strongest gravitational force?

Select all of the answers that apply. Which regions make up the Sun's atmosphere?

The _____ of the Sun has a temperature of about 15 million Celsius.

The _____ is the region of the Sun where energy moves through circulating currents of gases.

If a star is small, it will likely last _____ a large star.

Innermost

2nd innermost

3rd innermost

4th innermost

5th innermost

Outermost

What is the hottest layer in the Sun's atmosphere?

The Sun is made mostly of ___________

In which region of the Sun does energy move as waves that transfer from atom to atom?

Why is there a minimum mass for an object to become a star?

Everything we know about stars comes from studying their _____.

Hydrogen fusion occurs in the _____ of the Sun.

The _____ of a star is primarily determined by its surface temperature.

Astronomers estimate that the Sun has enough fuel for hydrogen fusion to last another _____ years.

The core of a star must reach a temperature of _____ degrees Celsius for hydrogen fusion to begin.

The Milky Way is a _____ galaxy.

The Milky Way is located in the _____ Group.

What are the basic shapes into which astronomers classify most galaxies?

The least common shape for a galaxy is ______.

A galaxy whose stars are arranged in a disk with arms that surround a central bulge is a _____ galaxy.

An elliptical galaxy has _____.

black hole

chromosphere

convective zone

core

corona

dwarf planet

elliptical galaxy

equinox

galaxy

irregular galaxy

In our solar system, Earth is the ______ planet away from the sun.

Jupiter has ________ mass than Earth and is __________ dense than Earth.

This scientist focused his study on planetary motion. One of his laws is the planets orbit the Sun in elliptical patterns.

Kepler's _____ law, called the _____ law, states that planets furthest from the Sun take a longer time to orbit it.

This law states that a planet's elliptical orbit around the Sun sweeps equal amounts of area in an equal amount of time. This means that each planet travels faster near the Sun and slower further from it.

law of universal gravitation

1st law of motion (law of inertia)

2nd law of motion

3rd law of motion

What causes the seasons on Earth?

Choose all that apply. What are the effects of the Earth-Moon interaction?

Why is there a minimum mass for an object to become a star?