List and describe the components found in a Pentium processor.
answer
An I/O unit manages data and instructions entering and leaving the processor
A control unit manages all activities inside the processor
Arithmetic Logic Units (ALUs) do all logical comparisons and calculations
Registers (small holding areas on the processor chip) hold counters, data, instructions and addresses that the ALU is currently processing
Internal memory caches hold data and instructions waiting to be processed by the ALU
Buses connect components within the processor housing
question
What two different DIMM technologies can be used in a quad channel configuration?
answer
DDR3 and DDR4 (Double Date Rate)
question
What type of processor memory is located on the processor chip (processor die)?
answer
Level 1 cache
question
What two technologies are hybrid processors that can handle 32 bit and 64 bit operating systems natively?
answer
AMD64
EM64T
question
After you have installed a processor, what should you do if you turn on the system and power comes on but you don't see any output on the screen and the system does not seem to be going through its normal boot procedure?
answer
If the power comes on, but the system fails to work, most likely the processor is not seated properly in the socket or some power cord has not yet been connected or is not properly connected. Open the case, and recheck installation.
question
There are nine features that affect performance and compatibility of a processor with the motherboard. List at least four of them.
answer
1. Processor speed
2. Socket and chipset the processor can use
3. Processor architecture (32 or 64 - bits)
4. Multiprocessing Capabilities
5. Memory cache
6. Security
7. The memory features on the motherboard that the processor can support
8. Support for virtualization
9. Integrated graphics
question
There are five questions that you should answer before adding memory to a system. List three of those five.
answer
1. How much RAM do I need and how much is currently installed?
2. How many and what kind of memory modules are currently installed on my motherboard?
3. How many and what kinds of modules can fit in my motherboard?
4. How do I select and purchase the right modules for my upgrade?
5. How do I physically install the new modules?
question
When populating a motherboard with DIMM modules, what configuration option will not work?
answer
mixing unbuffered with registered
question
What component of a processor handles all logical comparisons and calculations inside the processor?
answer
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
question
A DDR4 DIMM with a PC rating of PC4-17000 is running at what speed?
answer
2133 MHz
question
List the four major categories of memory modules and mention how they are used today
answer
DIMM (dual inline memory modules) are used by all new motherboards for desktops
SO-DIMMs (small outline DIMMs) are a smaller version of DIMMS used by laptops
RIMM (Rambus inline memory module) is designed by Rambus, Inc, and is an older type of module
SIMMs (single inline memory modules) are used by really old computers
question
Describe the three different categories of processors that must be considered when choosing what type of operating system to install.
answer
1. 32-bit (x86) processors support 32-bit OSs
2. Hybrid (x86-64 bit) processors can handle a 32-bit OS or a 64-bit OS. All desktop or laptop processors made after 2007 are of this type.
3. 64-bit (x64) processors require a 64-bit OS and can handle 32-bit applications only by simulating 32-bit processing
question
Modern desktop motherboards and laptop motherboards all utilize what what two types of DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) respectively?
The factor used to determine clock speed between the processor and FSB (Front Side Bus)
answer
Multiplier
question
An error checking technology used by older SIMMs
answer
Parity
question
The number of clock cycles it takes to write or read a row of data
answer
RAS (Row Access Strobe) Latency
question
The speed at which the processor operates internally and is measured in gigahertz.
answer
Processor Frequency
question
a DIMM module with memory chips installed onto one side only
answer
Single-Sided (as opposed to "Dual-Ranked")
question
A task or group of instructions executed by the CPU
answer
Thread
question
Describe the step of processor installation that involves the application of thermal compound.
answer
Put a small dot of compound (about the size of a pea) in the center of the processor.
question
What component of a processor holds instructions waiting to be processed by the ALU?
answer
Internal Memory Cache
question
What type of RAM is typically installed onto a motherboard and loses data rapidly, requiring it to be refreshed often?
answer
DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)
question
DIMMs used in servers can provide additional reliability if they use what specific technology?
answer
ECC (Error-Correcting Code)
question
Describe the three levels of cache used by a processor.
answer
1. L1 cache: memory on the processor die
2. L2 cache: memory within the processor housing, but not on the processor die
3. L3 cache: memory further from the processor core then L2 cache, but still within the processor housing
question
What technology in a DIMM informs the BIOS of the module's size, speed, voltage, and data path width?
answer
SPD (Serial Presence Detect)
question
What are the four categories of DDR memory and how do they compare with regular SDRAM (Synchronous-DRAM) and each other?
answer
1. DDR (Double Data Rate) runs twice as fast as SDRAM (Synchronous-DRAM). Instead of processing data for each beat of the system clock, as regular SDRAM does, it processes data when the beat rises and again when the beat falls
2. DDR2 is faster and uses less power than DDR
3. DDR3 is faster and uses less power than DDR2
4. DDR4 continues that trend
DDR, DDR2, DDR3, and DDR4 DIMMs can use dual channels. DDR3 can also use triple channels. DDR3 and DDR4 DIMMs can use quad channels.
question
What are the two names used by Intel and AMD respectively that refer to the Execute Disable Bit (EDB) technology?
answer
eXecute Disable (XD)
Enhanced Virus Protection
question
What can a DIMM use to hold data and amplify a signal just before the data is written to the module?
answer
Registers
question
Discuss how the processor frequency and the Front Side Bus frequency are related.
answer
If the processor operates at 3.2 GHz internally and the Front Side Bus is operating at 800 MHz, the processor operates at four times the FSB (Front Side Bus) speed. This factor is called the multiplier.
question
Where can the Execute Disable Bit (EDB) technology be disabled?
answer
In the BIOS / UEFI setup screen (Basic Input Output System / Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)
question
A processor housing that contains more than one processor is referred to as what term?
answer
Multicore Processor
question
Each processor or core processes two threads at the same time
answer
Multi-Threading
Intel calls it Hyper-Threading
AMD calls if Hyper-Transport
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