involve the sharing of one to three pairs of electrons.
question
Which of the following is true of polar covalent bonds?
answer
The electrons are shared unequally
question
A molecule of water (H2O) is formed by what type of bond?
answer
polar covalent bonds
question
What is an ion?
answer
an atom that has either gained or lost electron(s)
question
When an ionic bond forms, which part(s) of the atoms are directly involved?
answer
the outermost electrons
question
How do ions form ionic bonds?
answer
Ions of opposite electrical charges are attracted to each other to balance the charges.
question
Calcium's atomic number is 20. It forms ions with 18 electrons. What is the electrical charge of a calcium ion?
answer
+2
question
Formation of hydrogen bonds requires hydrogen atoms and what else?
answer
polar covalent bonds
question
Which of the following correctly ranks the types of chemical bonds, in order, from strongest to weakest?
answer
covalent, ionic, hydrogen
question
Which of the following distinguishes hydrogen bonds from covalent bonds?
answer
Only hydrogen bonds can form between molecules
question
Which of the following is not a result of hydrogen bonds?
answer
Two hydrogen atoms join together to form a molecule of hydrogen gas.
question
Which parts of atoms can interact (react) to form chemical bonds?
answer
valence electrons
question
Atoms of oxygen have a total of 8 electrons. Are these atoms stable, and why or why not?
answer
No, because the atoms have only 6 valence electrons, but need 8 for stability.
question
Carbon atoms have four valence electrons. Are they likely to react with other atoms, and why or why not?
answer
Yes, because they can become more stable by doing so.
question
Which of the following is not produced through chemical bonding?
answer
atoms
question
Which type(s) of subatomic particles can be located within the nucleus of an atom?
answer
protons and neutrons
question
Which subatomic particles contribute to an atom's mass number but not its atomic number?
answer
neutrons
question
An atom of oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 18. How many of each type of subatomic particle does it contain?
answer
8 protons, 8 electrons, and 10 neutrons
question
Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.
answer
1.Transport work
2.Mechanical work
3.Chemical work
question
Foods are broken down into their building blocks by adding water. This would be an example of which characteristic of water?
answer
Water acts as a reactant
question
Water acts to dissolve molecules in the body. How does water dissolve the salt (NaCl) in your mouth from a salty pretzel?
answer
Water acts as a solvent because the partial negative charge on the oxygen in water attracts sodium, while the partial positive charge on hydrogen attracts chloride. This results in the separation of sodium from chloride, thus breaking the ionic bond.
question
In plasma, a typical body fluid, protein floating around would be considered to be which of the following?
answer
a solute, specifically both a colloid and an electrolyte
question
Electrolytes are charged particles called ions that are dissolved in body fluids. Which of the following ions would be considered a major anion in the body?
answer
chloride
question
Which pH is more acidic, a pH of 3, a pH of 7, or a pH of 9?
answer
pH of 3
question
Cortisol is a type of lipid hormone. Which type of lipid would cortisol be classified as?
answer
steroid
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