Chapter 17 Hw

28 August 2022
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question
What did the historian Frederick Jackson Turner argue about the importance of the western frontier in American history in 1893?
answer
The western frontier made the United States different from Europe
question
What was the outcome of Native Americans' settlement on reservations in the late nineteenth century?
answer
They came to depend on government assistance
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In what manner did William Tecumseh Sherman successfully defeat the Comanchería?
answer
By using the scorched earth policy he'd perfected during his March to the Sea
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What was the outcome of the second Treaty of Fort Laramie?
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It was violated by the U.S. government after gold was discovered in the Black Hills
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What occurred under the "outing system" of the 1880s?
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Indian children were forced to live with white families over summer vacation
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What was the outcome of the Dawes Act of 1887?
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Division of reservations and allotment of individual plots of land to Native Americans.
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who was Geronimo?
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An Apache warrior and chieftain who led raiding parties and killed ranchers on both sides of the Mexican border
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What occurred after Geronimo surrendered to General Miles in 1886?
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The government sent nearly 500 Apaches to Florida as prisoners.
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What was the Ghost Dance?
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A religious ritual that was supposed to resurrect fallen warriors and rid the Indians of white intruders
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Explain why the U.S. army gunned down unarmed Sioux at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota in 1890?
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American soldiers feared an uprising provoked by a militant interpretation of the Ghost Dance religion
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What was the Comstock Lode?
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The richest vein of silver ore found on the North American Continent.
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What was the easiest way to get rich in the American silver mining industry?
answer
Selling claims to land or forming mining companies and selling stock.
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Which was the largest ethnic group in the western mining district of the U.S. in the late nineteenth century?
answer
Irish
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What was the impact of the discovery of precious metals on the Comstock for Native Americans?
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Destruction of their land and their food supply
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Describe the labor unions in the western mining industry.
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They formed early and held considerable bargaining power
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Describe the changes experienced by the Californios between 1860 and 1880.
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The group's population fell by more than 60%
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What was the purpose of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?
answer
To decrease the Chinese population of the American West
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Describe the federal government's approach to territorial government in the West in the late nineteenth century.
answer
Benign neglect
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Why did the federal government do so little to halt corruption and scandal in the western territories?
answer
Distance, funding, and local hostility limited the government's ability to prosecute cases
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For what reason did hundreds of thousands of Americans migrate to the West in the three decades after 1870?
answer
To own their own land
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Which two factors helped stimulate the land rush in the trans-Mississippi West?
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The Homestead Act of 1862 and the opening of the transcontinental railroad
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What did the Homestead Act of 1862 promise to potential migrants to the West?
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160 acres free to any citizen or prospective citizen who settled on land west of the Mississippi River for 5 years
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How did the landscape of the trans-Mississippi West change between 1870 and 1900?
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Family farms gave way to commercial farming
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women on the western frontier in the late nineteenth century.
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they were forced to work hard to accomplish even the simplest tasks
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By the 1870s, homesteaders discovered that most of the prime land in the West was ____________?
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Already in the hands of speculators
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What did the state and federal governments do to encourage railroad construction in the decades after the Civil War?
answer
They gave railroad companies 180 million acres of public land
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What did settlers passing through the western portion of Kansas and Nebraska and the eastern portion of Colorado in the years after 1870 call the area?
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The Great American Desert
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How did the invention of barbed wire revolutionize the cattle industry? The wire allowed ranchers to fence in their cattle
answer
The wire allowed ranchers to fence in their cattle
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29. Describe African American cowboys in the West in the late nineteenth century.
answer
They had a substantial presence in the region but not in the fiction of the time
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What was the outcome of the transformation of agriculture to big business in the South and West during the post-Civil War era?
answer
An increasing number of laborers worked land they would never own