"A collection of activities and elements organized to accomplish a goal.
A) Information
B) Data
C) Program
D) System"
answer
System
question
"In this phase of the systems life cycle, the new information system is installed, and people are trained to use it.
A) Systems Implementation
B) Systems Analysis
C) Systems Design
D) Systems Development"
answer
Systems Implementation
question
"In this phase of the systems life cycle, new or alternative information systems are designed.
A) Systems Maintenance
B) Systems Analysis
C) Systems Design
D) Systems Development"
answer
Systems Design
question
"This individual studies an organization's systems to determine what actions to take and how to use computer technology to assist them.
A) Network Administrator
B) Cryptographer
C) Systems Analyst
D) Computer Engineer"
answer
Systems Analyst
question
"In the preliminary investigation phase of the systems life cycle, which one of the following tasks would not be included?
A) Briefly defining the problem
B) Suggesting alternative solutions
C) Gathering the data
D) Preparing a short report"
answer
Gathering the data
question
"In order to obtain financing to continue to Phase 2: Systems Analysis, the systems analyst does this.
A) Prepares a preliminary investigation report
B) Gathers data
C) Analyzes data
D) Trains users on the new system"
answer
Prepares a preliminary investigation report
question
"Gathering and analyzing data is part of this phase.
A) Preliminary Investigation
B) Systems Analysis
C) Systems Design
D) Systems Implementation"
answer
Systems Analysis
question
"This shows the relationship between input and output documents.
A) Grid Chart
B) Checklist
C) Investigation Report
D) Top-Down Analysis Method"
answer
Grid Chart
question
"Which of the following is used to identify the components of a complex system and makes each component easier to analyze and deal with?
A) System Flowchart
B) Top-Down Analysis Method
C) Grid Chart
D) Checklist"
answer
Top-Down Analysis Method
question
"Which of the following tools presents data or information flow within an information system?
A) Grid Chart
B) Top-Down Analysis Method
C) Automated Design Tool
D) Data Flow Diagram"
answer
Data Flow Diagram
question
"These tools, also called computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools, are used in system analysis to evaluate alternative hardware and software solutions.
A) Project Management Tools
B) Automated Design Tools
C) Spreadsheets
D) Report Generators"
answer
Automated Design Tools
question
"Which among the following would not be described in the systems analysis report?
A) The current information system
B) The requirements for a new system
C) The possible development schedule
D) The training requirements for users"
answer
The training requirements for users
question
"This is the final task in Phase 3: Systems Design.
A) Select the best design
B) Design alternative systems
C) Write a systems design report
D) Examine hardware requirements"
answer
Write a systems design report
question
"This is the first step in the systems design phase.
A) Examine hardware requirements
B) Design alternative systems
C) Select the best system
D) Analyze the data"
answer
Design alternative systems
question
"In this activity, it is determined whether the system can be made secure against unauthorized use.
A) Analyzing the data
B) Writing the systems design report
C) Selecting the best system
D) Testing the system"
answer
Selecting the best system
question
"This document presents the costs versus the benefits and outlines the effect of alternative designs on the organization.
A) Systems Analysis Report
B) Preliminary Investigation Report
C) Initialization Report
D) Systems Design Report"
answer
Systems Design Report
question
"During which phase of the systems life cycle are users trained to use the new system?
A) Preliminary Investigation
B) Systems Implementation
C) Systems Development
D) Systems Maintenance"
answer
Systems Implementation
question
"Selecting the ________ is the first step in implementing a new system.
A) Hardware Requirements
B) Software Requirements
C) Conversion Type
D) Best Alternative"
answer
Conversion Type
question
"This conversion type is not recommended because problems arising in this approach could be catastrophic.
A) Direct Approach
B) Parallel Approach
C) Phased Approach
D) Pilot Approach"
answer
Direct Approach
question
"This conversion approach is preferred when there are many people in an organization performing similar operations.
A) Direct Approach
B) Parallel Approach
C) Phased Approach
D) Pilot Approach"
answer
Pilot Approach
question
"This is the final step of the systems implementation phase of the systems life cycle.
A) Develop documentation
B) Train users
C) Select the conversion type
D) Write the implementation report"
answer
Train users
question
"Identify the sixth phase of the systems life cycle.
A) Systems Maintenance
B) Systems Development
C) Systems Design
D) Systems Analysis"
answer
Systems Maintenance
question
"Which of the following phases of the systems life cycle is considered to be an ongoing activity?
A) Systems Development
B) Systems Analysis
C) Systems Design
D) Systems Maintenance"
answer
Systems Maintenance
question
"This is performed to determine whether the new procedures are actually furthering productivity.
A) Testing
B) Systems Inventory
C) Designing Alternatives
D) Systems Audit"
answer
Systems Audit
question
"This is the process of building a model that can be modified before the actual system is installed.
A) Rapid Applications Development
B) Prototyping
C) Systems Analysis
D) Systems Maintenance"
answer
Prototyping
question
"A(n) ________ is a collection of hardware, software, people, procedures, and data.
A) Database
B) Record
C) Information System
D) Entity"
answer
Information System
question
"New hardware and software are acquired, developed, and tested in the systems ________ stage of the systems life cycle.
A) Analysis
B) Design
C) Implementation
D) Development"
answer
Development
question
"Systems analysis and design is a problem-solving procedure for examining and improving a(n) ________ system.
A) Information
B) Network
C) Implementation
D) Database"
answer
Information
question
"An important aspect of the preliminary investigation phase is to ________.
A) Prepare a preliminary investigation report
B) Suggest alternative solutions
C) Analyze the Data
D) Gather the Data"
answer
Suggest alternative solutions
question
"The ________ identifies the top-level components of a complex system.
A) Investigation Report
B) Grid Chart
C) Top-Down Analysis Method
D) Checklist"
answer
Top-Down Analysis Method
question
"A(n) ________ shows the relationship between input and output documents.
A) Investigation Report
B) Checklist
C) Top-Down Analysis
D) Grid Chart"
answer
Grid Chart
question
"System ________ show the flow of input data to processing and finally to output.
A) Flowcharts
B) Top-Down Analysis
C) Checklists
D) Grids"
answer
Flowcharts
question
"________ show the data or information flow within an information system; the data is traced from its origin through processing, storage, and output.
A) Top-Down Analysis Methods
B) Data Flow Diagrams
C) System Flow Charts
D) Grid Charts"
answer
Data Flow Diagrams
question
"The ________ report describes the current information system, the requirements for a new system, and a possible development schedule.
A) Top-Down Analysis
B) Data Flow
C) Systems Analysis
D) Components"
answer
Systems Analysis
question
"The third phase in the systems life cycle is the systems ________ phase.
A) Implementation
B) Analysis
C) Maintenance
D) Design"
answer
Design
question
"________ feasibility is evaluated to determine if the proposed system can actually be made to operate in the organization.
A) Operational
B) Technical
C) Top-down
D) Economic"
answer
Operational
question
"Systems designers evaluate each alternative in the systems design phase for ________ by looking at economic, technical, and operational factors.
A) Accuracy
B) Feasibility
C) Currency
D) Organization"
answer
Feasibility
question
"
38) When evaluating alternative systems, systems designers must consider economic feasibility, ________ feasibility, and operational feasibility.
A) Top-Down
B) Currency
C) Technical
D) Digital"
answer
Technical
question
"The systems design report presents the ________.
A) Possible development schedule
B) Requirements for a new system
C) Description of the current system
D) Costs versus the benefits"
answer
Costs versus the benefits
question
"________ of the system happens after the installation of software and hardware.
A) Testing
B) Design Analysis
C) Implementation
D) Management Studies"
answer
Testing
question
"Another name for Phase 5: Systems Implementation is ________.
A) Feasibility
B) Conversion
C) Analysis
D) Development"
answer
Conversion
question
"The ________ approach to systems implementation is considered the riskiest.
A) Phased
B) Parallel
C) Direct
D) Pilot"
answer
Direct
question
"The ________ approach to systems implementation is used only in cases in which the cost of failure or of interrupted operation is great.
A) Phased
B) Direct
C) Pilot
D) Parallel"
answer
Parallel
question
"In general, the pilot and ________ approaches are the most favored conversion approaches.
A) Phased
B) Analysis
C) Parallel
D) Direct"
answer
Phased
question
"Most organizations spend more time and money on the systems ________ phase than on any of the other phases.
A) Design
B) Maintenance
C) Development
D) Analysis"
answer
Maintenance
question
TRUE or FALSE:
A systems analyst uses the six-phase systems life cycle to improve and maintain information systems.
answer
TRUE
question
TRUE or FALSE:
A survey of user needs is part of the preliminary investigation phase.
answer
TRUE
question
TRUE or FALSE:
Data about how the present system works is collected during the preliminary investigation phase in order to determine the requirements of the new system.
answer
"FALSE:
Data about how the present system works is collected during the preliminary SYSTEMS ANALYSIS PHASE in order to determine the requirements of the new system."
question
TRUE or FALSE:
Gathering data and information in the systems analysis phase can be achieved through conducting interviews and studying documents.
answer
TRUE
question
TRUE or FALSE:
In the data analysis step, the idea is to learn how information currently flows and to pinpoint why it is not flowing properly.
answer
TRUE
question
TRUE or FALSE:
The top-down analysis method breaks components into smaller components to make each component easier to analyze and deal with.
answer
TRUE
question
TRUE or FALSE:
CASE stands for "computer-aided software engineering."
answer
TRUE
question
TRUE or FALSE:
In the systems design phase of the systems life cycle, the systems design report usually concludes by recommending one of the analyzed alternatives.
answer
TRUE
question
TRUE or FALSE:
Hardware and software are normally acquired during the implementation phase of the systems life cycle.
answer
"FALSE:
Hardware and software are normally acquired during the DEVELOPMENT phase of the systems life cycle."
question
TRUE or FALSE:
In the testing step of the systems development phase, processed information is evaluated to see whether the results are correct.
answer
TRUE
question
TRUE or FALSE:
The organization can switch to the old system if the new system fails in the parallel conversion approach.
answer
TRUE
question
TRUE or FALSE:
Periodic evaluation is part of the systems maintenance phase of the systems life cycle.
answer
TRUE
question
Name and briefly explain the six phases of system analysis and design.
answer
"1) Preliminary Investigation: The organization's problems or needs are identified and summarized in a short report.
2) Systems Analysis: The present system is studied in depth. New requirements are specified and documented.
3) Systems Design: A new or alternative information system is designed and a design report created.
4) Systems Development: New hardware and software are acquired, developed, and tested.
5) Systems Implementation: Process of converting from old to new system and training people. The new information system is installed.
6) Systems Maintenance: In this ongoing phase, the system is periodically evaluated and updated as needed. "
question
How does a systems analyst gather the required data when he/she is defining a problem during the preliminary investigation phase?
answer
Defining the problem means examining whatever current information system is in use. Determining what information is needed, by whom, when, and why is accomplished by interviewing and making observations.
question
What is the purpose of the systems analysis report during the systems analysis phase?
answer
The systems analysis stage is documented in a report for higher management. The report describes the current information system, the requirements for a new system, and a possible development schedule. Management studies the report and decides whether to continue with the project.
question
What are the four questions that must be considered when choosing the best system during the systems design phase?
answer
"Economic Feasibility:
• Will the costs of the new system be justified by the benefits it promises?
• How long will it take for the new system to pay for itself?
Technical Feasibility:
• Are reliable hardware, software, and training available to make the system work?
Operational Feasibility:
• Can the system actually be made to operate in the organization, or will people (employees, managers, clients) resist it?"
question
Explain the process of evaluating the feasibility of each alternative system.
answer
"1) Designing Alternative Systems:
In almost all instances, more than one design can be developed to meet the information needs. Systems designers evaluate each alternative system for feasibility (Economic, Technical, and Operational).
2) Selecting the Best System:
When choosing the best design, managers consider four questions: (1) Will the system work with the organization's overall information system? (2) Will the system be flexible enough so it can be modified in the future? (3) Can it be made secure against unauthorized use? (4) Are the benefits worth the costs?
3) Writing the Systems Design Report:
The report is prepared for higher management describing the alternative designs. It presents costs versus benefits and outlines effect of other designs on organization."
question
Describe how software can be acquired, if needed, during the systems development phase
answer
"Application software for the new information system can be obtained in two ways:
~ 1) Purchased as ""off-the-shelf"" packaged software and possibly modified
~ 2) Custom-designed "
question
Discuss the systems audit and periodic evaluation activities.
answer
This phase is a very important, ongoing activity. Maintenance has two parts: systems audit and periodic evaluation. A systems audit compares the system's performance to the original design specifications. This determines if the new procedures are furthering productivity. After the systems audit, the new information system is modified when necessary. All systems should be evaluated periodically to determine if they are meeting the goals and providing the service intended.
question
Define prototyping and explain how it could be used by a systems analyst.
answer
Prototyping means to build a model or prototype that can be modified before the actual system is installed. A systems analyst develops a prototype for a system as a solution to a problem. Users try it out and provide feedback. The systems analyst revises prototype until correct/satisfied.
question
System
answer
A collection of activities and elements organized to accomplish a goal
question
What five reasons may an organization need to change it's information system?
answer
"1) Organizational Growth
2) Mergers and Acquisitions
3) New Marketing Opportunities
4) Revisions in Governmental Regulations
5) Availability of New Technology"
question
Systems Analysis and Design
answer
A six-phase problem-solving procedure for examining and improving an information system.
question
Systems Life Cycle
answer
Made up of the six phases of systems analysis and design
question
The six-phase Systems Life Cycle is used by computer professionals known as __________ . What do they do?
answer
"~ Systems Analysts
~ These people study an organization's systems to determine what actions to take and how to use computer technology to assist them."
question
"Systems Life Cycle Phase #1:
Preliminary Investigation"
answer
The organization's problems or needs are identified and summarized in a short report.
question
"Systems Life Cycle Phase #2:
Systems Analysis"
answer
The present system is studied in depth. New requirements are specified and documented.
question
"Systems Life Cycle Phase #3:
Systems Design"
answer
A new or alternative information system is designed and a design report created.
question
"Systems Life Cycle Phase #4:
Systems Development"
answer
New hardware and software are acquired, developed, and tested.
question
"Systems Life Cycle Phase #5:
Systems Implementation"
answer
It is the process of converting from the old system to the new one and training people to use the new system. The new information system is installed.
question
"Systems Life Cycle Phase #6:
Systems Maintenance: "
answer
In this ongoing phase, the system is periodically evaluated and updated as needed.
question
What does "Defining the Problem" mean?
answer
Examining whatever current information system is in use.
question
What three tasks is a systems analyst concerned with in Phase #1 of a Systems Life Cycle?
answer
"1) Briefly defining the problem
2) Suggesting alternative solutions
3) Preparing a short report"
question
Who determines whether to finance the second phase of a Systems Life Cycle?
answer
Management
question
What task(s) is a systems analyst concerned with in Phase #2 of a Systems Life Cycle?
answer
Gathering and analyzing the data
question
What does an organization chart show?
answer
Levels of management as well as formal lines of authority
question
What are some of the tools available to assist systems analysts in the Analysis Phase of a Systems Life Cycle?
answer
"~ Top-down analysis method
~ Grid charts
~ System flowcharts
~ Data flow diagrams
~ Automated design tools "
question
Top-Down Analysis Method
answer
Used to identify the top-level components of a complex system. Each component is then broken down into smaller and smaller components.
question
Grid Charts
answer
Shows the relationship between input and output documents.
question
System Flow Charts
answer
Shows the flow of input data to processing and finally to output, or distribution of information.
question
Data Flow Diagrams
answer
Shows the data or information flow within an information system. The data is traced from its origin through processing, storage, and output.
question
Automated Design Tools
answer
Software packages that evaluate hardware and software alternatives according to requirements given by the systems analyst.
question
What are Automated Design Tools also called?
answer
Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) Tools
question
Systems Analysis Report
answer
Describes the current information system, the requirements for a new system, and a possible development schedule
question
Phase #3 of a Systems Life Cycle consists of what three tasks?
answer
"1) Designing alternative systems
2) Selecting the best system
3) Writing a systems design report"
question
What are the three types of feasibility?
answer
"1) Economic
2) Technical
3) Operational"
question
Economic Feasibility
answer
Comparing the costs of a new system to the benefits it promises.
question
Technical Feasibility
answer
Making sure hardware, software, and training will be available to facilitate the design of a new system.
question
Operational Feasibility
answer
Making sure the design of a new system will be able to function within the existing framework of an organization.
question
In Phase #3 of a Systems Life Cycle, when choosing the best design, managers must consider what four questions?
answer
"1) Will the system work with the organization's overall information system?
2) Will the system be flexible enough so it can be modified in the future?
3) Can it be made secure against unauthorized use?
4) Are the benefits worth the costs?"
question
Systems Design Report
answer
"~ Prepared for higher management
~ Describes the alternative designs
~ Presents the costs versus the benefits
~ Outlines the effect of alternative designs on the organization"
question
Phase #4 of a Systems Life Cycle consists of what three steps?
answer
"1) Acquiring software
2) Acquiring hardware
3) Testing the new system"
question
Phase #4 of a Systems Life Cycle consists of what four approaches to conversion?
answer
"1) Direct
2) Parallel
3) Pilot
4) Phased"
question
"Types of Conversion:
Direct Approach"
answer
"~ Done by abandoning the old and starting up the new.
~ High risk b/c if there is problem w/ new system, there is old system to fall back on."
question
"Types of Conversion:
Parallel Approach"
answer
"~ Old and new systems are operated side by side until the new one proves to be reliable.
~ Low risk"
question
"Types of Conversion:
Pilot Approach"
answer
"~ The new system is tried out in only one part of the organization.
~ Once the system is working smoothly in that part, it is implemented throughout the organization
~ Less expensive than parallel approach bur riskier
~ Risks can be controlled b/c problems are confined to certain area of organization"
question
"Types of Conversion:
Phased Approach"
answer
"~ The new system is implemented gradually over a period of time.
~ Implementation process is broken down into parts or phases.
~ Expensive b/c the implementation is done slowly. ~ Lowest risk"
question
"Types of Conversion:
Which approaches are most favored and why?"
answer
"Pilot Approach:
~ Preferred when many people in organization are performing similar operations.
Phased Approach:
~ Preferred for organizations in which people are performing different operations."
question
Which phase of a Systems Life Cycle is an ongoing activity?
answer
Phase #6: Systems Maintenance
question
Which phase of a Systems Life Cycle do organizations typically spend the most time and money?
answer
Phase #6: Systems Maintenance
question
Phase #6 of a Systems Life Cycle consists of what two parts?
answer
"1) Systems Audit
2) Periodic Evaluation "
question
"Phase #6 of a Systems Life Cycle:
Systems Audit "
answer
The system's performance is compared to the original design specifications to determine whether the new procedures are actually furthering productivity.
question
"Phase #6 of a Systems Life Cycle:
Periodic Evaluation "
answer
All systems should be evaluated from time to time to determine whether they are meeting the goals and providing the service desired
question
"Which Systems Life Cycle phase performs the following activity:
~ Defines problem, suggests alternatives, prepares short report"
answer
Phase #1: Preliminary Investigation
question
"Which Systems Life Cycle phase performs the following activity:
~ Gather data, analyze data, document"
answer
Phase #2: Systems Analysis
question
"Which Systems Life Cycle phase performs the following activity:
~ Design alternatives, select best alternative, write report "
answer
Phase #3: Systems Design
question
"Which Systems Life Cycle phase performs the following activity:
~ Develop software, acquire hardware, test system "
answer
Phase #4: Systems Development
question
"Which Systems Life Cycle phase performs the following activity:
~ Convert, train "
answer
Phase #5: Systems Implementation
question
"Which Systems Life Cycle phase performs the following activity:
~ Perform systems audit, evaluate periodically"
answer
Phase #6: Systems Maintenance
question
What are two alternatives to the Systems Life Cycle?
answer
"1) Prototyping
2) Rapid Applications Development (RAD) "
question
Prototyping
answer
"~ To build a model or prototype that can be modified before the actual system is installed.
~ Systems Analyst can develop prototype possibility for users to try out and provide feedback, allowing systems analyst to revise prototype until correct
~ Development time is shorter
~ Can be difficult to manage project and control costs"
question
Rapid Applications Development (RAD)
answer
"~ Involves the use of powerful development software, small specialized teams, and highly trained personnel.
~ Systems Analyst would use specialized development software, form small teams consisting of select users and managers, and obtain assistance from other highly qualified analysts. «
~ Resulting time-and-billing system costs more
~ Development time is shorter
~ Better quality of completed system "
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