Ch 25 Urinary System

Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle? a vasa recta a podocyte a fenestrated capillary an efferent arteriole

The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it ________. is drained by an efferent arteriole has a blood pressure much lower than other organ systems is impermeable to most substances has a basement membrane

The renal corpuscle is made up of ________. Bowman's capsule and glomerulus the renal papilla the renal pyramid the descending loop of Henle

The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________. nephron loop capsular space nephron glomerular capsule

The filtration membrane includes all except ________. glomerular endothelium renal fascia basement membrane podocytes

The macula densa cells respond to ________. changes in pressure in the tubule aldosterone antidiuretic hormone changes in solute content of the filtrate

Which of the choices below is the salt level-monitoring part of the nephron? loop of Henle macula densa principal cell vasa recta

proximal convulated tubule

glomerulus

Peritubular capillaries

collecting duct

The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the ________. distal convoluted tubule glomerular filtration membrane loop of Henle collecting duct

An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to a(n) ________. decrease in the concentration of the blood plasma decrease in the production of ADH increase in the production of ADH increase in the production of aldosterone

The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________. by a decrease in the blood pressure when the peritubular capillaries are dilated when the pH of the urine decreases when the specific gravity of urine rises above 1.10

The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is ________. protein-regulated diffusion glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure) the size of the pores in the basement membrane of the capillaries the ionic electrochemical gradient

The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is ________. filtration osmosis cotransport with sodium ions active transport

Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule? K+ creatinine glucose Na+

The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of ________. electrolytes plasma protein hormones glucose

Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it ________. is not reabsorbed by the tubule cells inhibits the release of ADH increases secretion of ADH increases the rate of glomerular filtration

The function of angiotensin II is to ________. decrease the production of aldosterone decrease water absorption constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure decrease arterial blood pressure

Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body. 1. major calyx 2. minor calyx 3. nephron 4. urethra 5. ureter 6. collecting duct

What would happen if the capsular hydrostatic pressure were increased above normal? Capsular osmotic pressure would compensate so that filtration would not change. Filtration would increase in proportion to the increase in capsular pressure. Net filtration would decrease. Net filtration would increase above normal.

Which of the following is not true regarding tubular reabsorption? It is a reclamation process. It is a purely passive transport process. It involves hormonal signals in the collecting ducts. It occurs via transcellular or paracellular routes.

Which of the choices below is a function of the nephron loop? absorb electrolytes actively and water by osmosis in the same segments form a large volume of very dilute urine or a small volume of very concentrated urine absorb water and electrolytes into the tubular network form a large volume of very concentrated urine or a small volume of very dilute urine

The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is the ________. glomerular hydrostatic pressure capsular hydrostatic pressure colloid osmotic pressure of the blood myogenic mechanism

If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 mg/100 ml, the amino acid will be completely reabsorbed by secondary active transport be completely reabsorbed by the tubule cells be actively secreted into the filtrate appear in the urine

Excretion of dilute urine requires ________. relative permeability of the distal tubule to water transport of sodium and chloride ions out of the descending loop of Henle the presence of ADH impermeability of the collecting tubule to water

In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle the ________. thick segment moves ions out into interstitial spaces for reabsorption thin segment is freely permeable to water thick segment is permeable to water thin segment is not permeable to sodium and chloride

Which of the hormones below is responsible for facultative water reabsorption? aldosterone thyroxine ADH atrial natriuretic peptide

Which of the choices below is not a glomerular filtration rate control method? renal autoregulation electrolyte levels neural regulation hormonal regulation

Which of the choices below are the most important hormone regulators of electrolyte reabsorption and secretion? angiotensin II and ADH angiotensin I and atrial natriuretic peptide angiotensin I and epinephrine angiotensin II and aldosterone

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