Ch. 2 A&P

All amino acids (such as the four represented in the figure) contain ______. a. a nitrogen-containing base and a pentose sugar b. an amine group and a carboxyl group c. phosphorous and nitrogen d. an amine group and a fatty acid

Each specific amino acid has a unique ______. a. R group b. carboxyl group c. phosphate group d. amino group

Which of the following statements is true regarding the enzyme-catalyzed reaction (B) compared to the uncatalyzed reaction (A)? a. The products of the reaction with enzyme contain more chemical potential energy. b. The reaction in the presence of enzyme releases more energy. c. The reaction in the presence of enzyme will form larger products. d. Less energy input is required to start the reaction in the presence of enzyme. e. All of the listed responses are true.

Choose the correctly matched pair. a. amino acid: carbohydrate b. nucleotide: DNA c. monosaccharide: lipid d. glycerol and fatty acids: RNA

What are the two fundamental roles of DNA? a. to carry out the genetic instructions for protein synthesis, and replicate itself before cell division b. to provide and carry out the instructions for protein synthesis c. to carry out the orders for protein synthesis issued by RNA, and to control genetic expression by shutting down genes or altering their expression d. to provide the instructions for protein synthesis, and replicate itself before cell division

The major function of RNA is to carry out the genetic instructions for protein synthesis. (T/F)

ATP is an unstable, high-energy molecule that provides body cells with a form of energy that is immediately usable. (T/F)

Although his cholesterol levels were not high, Mr. Martinez read that cholesterol was bad for his health, so he eliminated all foods and food products containing this molecule. He later found that his cholesterol level dropped only 20%. Why did it not drop more?

Why can DNA be used to "fingerprint" a suspect in a crime? a. The sequence, but not fragmentation pattern, of a person's DNA is unique to that individual. b. The sequence and fragmentation pattern of a person's DNA is unique to that individual. c. DNA cannot be used to identify a suspect: all humans contain the same genes and DNA is, therefore, not unique to an individual. d. The DNA determines the pattern of an individual's fingerprint, and can be 'read' to determine the fingerprint pattern for matching in a database.

Which of the following is not true of proteins? a. They may be denatured or coagulated by heat or acidity. b. They have both functional and structural roles in the body.. c. They appear to be the molecular carriers of coded hereditary information. d. Their function depends on their three-dimensional shape

Which organic molecules form the major structural materials of the body? a. nucleic acids b. carbohydrates c. proteins d. lipids

What is the primary energy-transferring molecule in cells? a. RNA b. ATP c. DNA d. TACT

It is the difference in the R group that makes each amino acid chemically unique. (T/F)

Glycogen, the storage form of glucose, is primarily stored in muscle tissue only. (T/F)

All organic compounds contain carbon. (T/F)

Lipids are a poor source of stored energy. (T/F)

Inorganic compounds (examples and characteristics)

organic compounds (examples and characteristics)

how are organic compounds synthesized and broken down

carbohydrates

three classes of carbohydrates

examples of carbohydrates

monosaccharides

disaccharides

polysaccharides

Lipids

main types of lipids

triglycerides characteristics

what are triglycerides composed of

functions of triglycerides

types of saturation of fatty acids

saturated fatty acids

unsaturated fatty acids

phospholipids structure

phospholipids characteristics

hydrophilic

hydrophobic structure

phospholipids importance

steroid structure

steroid examples

eicosanoids

eicosanoids derived from

eicosanoids examples

tromozines

other fat-soluble vitamins

Lipoproteins

LDL

proteins

dipeptide

tripeptide

oligopeptide

polypeptide

structural levels of proteins

single most abundant protein

tertiary structure (characteristic and examples)

which structure does hydrogen destruction affect

quaternary

fibrous proteins

examples of fibrous proteins

globular proteins

examples of globular proteins

which proteins are structural

which proteins are functional

protein denaturation

molecular chaperones

where are molecular chaperones found

importance of molecular chaperones

enzymes

characteristics of enzymes

functional enzymes consist of

nucleic acids

building block of nucleic acids

nucleotides structure

DNA made up of/ structure

DNA purpose

RNA made up of/structure

RNA purpose

RNA types

messenger RNA

transfer RNA

ribosomal RNA

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP

function of ATP