BIOL Chapter 19

Which of the following statements best describes the end result of bacterial conjugation? - The two cells have had an equal exchange of plasmids. - One cell has given a copy of a plasmid to another cell and kept one copy for itself. - One cell has lost a plasmid, while the other cell has gained one. - One cell has lost a chromosome, while the other has gained one.

From which cell does the sex pilus originate during bacterial conjugation? - The donor cell - The recipient cell - Both the donor cell and the recipient cell

True or False. During bacterial conjugation, the recipient cell receives a single-stranded loop of DNA. - True - False

Which structure helps bacteria to attach within the tissues that they will infect? - Flagella - Cell wall - Capsule - Nucleoid

True or false. Bacteria reproduce by an asexual process in which one parent cell gives rise to identical daughter cells. - True - False

There are four bacteria in an egg salad that is left out at room temperature. After two hours, how many bacteria will be in the egg salad? - 32 - 2048 - 8 - 256

Bacterial cell walls contain: - peptidoglycan. - chitin. - cellulose. - pectin. - starch.

While examining a hot spring, you find something you haven't seen before. It has a cell membrane, but the cell wall lacks peptidoglycan. It contains both DNA and RNA. The DNA is circular. It would be classified as a(n): - virus. - prion. - archaea. - bacterium. - fungus.

What differentiates gram-positive bacteria from gram-negative bacteria? - the means of locomotion - the appearance of colonies - the use of oxygen - nutrient requirements - staining properties

What is the definition of an anaerobic cell? - A cell that requires oxygen for its energy-producing metabolism and cannot survive in an environment without it. - A cell that can tolerate small amounts of oxygen. - A cell that produces toxins important to their ability to cause disease. - A cell that requires inorganic materials as a source of energy. - A cell that does not require oxygen for its energy-producing metabolism and consequently, can survive in an oxygen-free environment.

Some archaea can live in boiling water. True or False? - True - False

Bacterial endospores are used for: - bacterial reproduction. - forming biofilms. - attracting viruses. - bioremediation. - keeping the bacteria alive under harsh conditions.

What do the sticky layers of protective slime produced by some bacteria enable them to do? - stick together and form biofilms - move from one location to another - acquire resistance to antibiotics - survive extreme conditions for long periods of time - sexually reproduce

Sex pili are prokaryotic structures that are used: - during binary fission. - for gathering prey. - during conjugation. - for adhering to surfaces. - for movement.

Cyanobacteria obtain energy from: - parasitizing viruses. - digesting benzene. - sunlight. - digesting plants. - digesting cyanide.

In bacteria, the small, circular pieces of DNA that are located outside the chromosome are called: - plasmids. - sex pili. - flagella. - bacteriophages. - endospores.

Mutations that improve the survival and reproduction of organisms, and thus contribute to the evolution of species, arise rapidly in prokaryotes due to their: - rapid rate of cell division. - absence of a nucleus. - anaerobic metabolism. - cell wall composition. - sexual reproduction.

How is cholera, a disease that is a major killer in poorer parts of the world, spread? - hand-to-mouth transmission - through direct contact - through sexual activities - through the air - contaminated drinking water

Organisms that produce disease are pathogens. True or False? - True - False

Legumes obtain a useful form of ________ from bacteria that live in root nodules. - oxygen - nitrogen - sulfur - carbon - hydrogen

The use of bacteria to break down pollutants is referred to as: - biofixation. - biosynthesis. - bioremediation. - nitrogen-fixation. - binary fission.

You discover a new "thing." It has only RNA as a nucleic acid and lacks both a membrane and cytoplasm. This "thing" is a(n): - bacteria. - prion. - archaea. - fungus. - virus.

Prions contain only protein. True or False? - True - False

A virus basically consists of: - RNA or DNA and a membrane. - RNA or DNA and a protein coat. - enzymes and a protein coat. - proteins and a cell membrane. - RNA or DNA and enzymes.

Which of the following consist of a protein coat surrounding a molecule of genetic material? - prions - bacteria - viruses - protists - archaea

Viroids: - have a plasma membrane. - are infectious pieces of DNA enclosed in a protein coat. - are infectious chains of amino acids. - attack bacteria. - are infectious pieces of RNA.

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or mad cow disease, is caused by: - prions. - viruses. - viroids. - fungi. - bacteria.