Which of these was NOT a part of the original Copernican model?
answer
Mercury speeds up at perihelion, and slows down at aphelion.
question
Which of the statements below is part of both the Ptolemaic and Copernican models?
answer
The Moon orbits the Earth once a month.
question
Which of these was NOT seen telescopically by Galileo?
answer
Stellar parallax.
question
Which of the following was NOT a contribution of Galileo to astronomy?
answer
The changing appearance of Saturn's rings corresponds to our season.
question
Which of the following is a contribution to astronomy made by Galileo?
answer
Venus appears almost fully lit when it lies on the far side of the Sun.
Jupiter has four moons orbiting it.
The Moon has craters, mountains, valleys, and dark flat areas on its surface.
The astronomical telescope can show us far more detail than the eye can.
(All of the above)
question
Which of these observations of Galileo refuted Ptolemy's epicycles?
answer
The complete cycle of Venus' phases.
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Which of these was NOT a telescopic discovery of Galileo?
answer
The moons of Saturn.
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A fatal flaw with Ptolemy's model is its inability to predict the observed phases of:
answer
Mercury and Venus.
question
It took two centuries for the Copernican model to replace the Ptolemaic model because:
answer
There was no scientific evidence to support either model until Galileo made his observations.
question
Galileo found the rotation period of the Sun was approximately:
answer
A month.
question
Kepler's first law worked, where Copernicus' original heliocentric model failed, because Kepler described the orbits as:
answer
Elliptical, not circular.
question
Tycho Brahe's contribution to Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion were:
answer
His detailed and accurate observations of the planet's position.
question
The most famous prehistoric astronomical observatory is:
answer
Stonehenge.
question
A circular orbit would have an eccentricity of:
answer
0.
question
Upon which point do Copernicus and Kepler disagree?
answer
The orbits of the planets are ellipses, with one focus at the Sun.
question
What contribution to astronomy was made by Tycho Brahe?
answer
His observations of planetary motion with great accuracy proved circular orbits could not work.
question
Which concept was NOT part of Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion?
answer
Epicycles are needed to explain the varying brightnesses of the planets.
question
According to Kepler's third law, the square of the planet's period in years is:
answer
Proportional to the cube of its semimajor axis in A.U.
question
What does Kepler's third law imply about planetary motion?
answer
Planets further from the Sun orbit at a slower speed than planets closer to the Sun.
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A planet whose distance from the Sun is 3 A.U. would have an orbital period of how many Earth-years?
answer
√27.
question
The place in a planet's orbit that is closest to the Sun is called:
answer
Perihelion.
question
During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, attempts to precisely measure the astronomical unit relied largely on rare:
answer
Transits of the inferior planets across the Sun.
question
Today we rely largely on what technique to precisely measure distances in the solar system?
answer
Radar echo timings.
question
The force of gravity varies with the:
answer
Inverse square of the distance separating the two bodies, and the product of the two masses.
question
The Law of Universal Gravitation was developed by:
answer
Newton.
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The force of gravity between two objects:
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Increases with the masses of the bodies, but decreases with the square of the distances between them.
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According to Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, if the Moon were three times further from Earth, the force by Earth on the Moon would:
answer
Decrease by a factor of 9.
question
How much stronger is the gravitational pull of the Sun on Earth, at 1 AU, than it is on Saturn at 10 AU?
answer
100x.
question
Which of these was a contribution of Newton to astronomy?
answer
Artificial satellites could be put into orbit about the Earth.
His differential calculus let us calculate planetary motions more accurately.
The Sun's gravity is greatest on a planet at perihelion, so the planet must speed up.
The Moon pulls as strongly on us as we do on it.
question
Geosynchronous satellites orbit at about four earth radii, where the earth's gravitational pull is:
answer
1/16g.
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