The light from polaris travels through space in the form of _____ energy
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radiative
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Rapidly moving comets have more ______ energy than slowly moving ones.
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kinetic
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An apple contains__________ energy that your body can convert into other forms of energy
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chemical potential
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Nuclear fusion in stars converts some of the ____ energy of hydrogen nuclei into light and heat
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mass
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Due to its much higher density, water heated to 80 degrees (Celsius) contains more ______ energy than air at the same temperature.
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thermal
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an asteroid that is moving farther from the sun is gaining ____ energy
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gravitational potential
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Choose the correct definition and two examples of kinetic energy
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Kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to its motion. Two examples are a car driving down the highway or the movements of the molecules of liquid in a cup of hot coffee
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Choose the correct definition and two examples of radiative energy
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Radiative energy is energy in light. Sunlight carries this form of energy, as do other forms of light including X-rays and radio waves
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Choose the correct definition and two examples of potential energy
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Potential energy is energy that is stored. Two examples of potential energy are breakfast cereal, which has chemical potential energy, and a heavy book on the top shelf at the library, which has gravitational potential energy
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Which object has the most kinetic energy
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a 2-ton truck moving 90 km/hr
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Which of the following is not a unit of energy
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kilowatt
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Suppose that two objects collides. Which of the following things is not the same both before and after the collision
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the total temperature of the objects
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Suppose you heat up an oven and boil a pot of water. Which of the following explains why you would be burned by sticking your hand briefly in the pot but not by sticking your hand briefly in the oven?
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the water has a higher heat content than the oven because of density
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Which of the following scenarios correctly demonstrates the transformation of mass into energy as given by Einstein's equation, E=MC^2
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When hydrogen is fused into helium, whether in the sun or in a nuclear bomb, the mass difference is turned into energy
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Which of the following is a form of electrical potential energy?
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energy coming to your house from power companies
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The amount of gravitational potential energy released as an object falls depends on
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its mass and the distance it falls, as well as the rate of gravitational acceleration
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When a rock is held above the ground, we say it has some potential energy. When we let it go, it falls and we say the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy. Finally, the rock hits the ground. What has happened to the energy?
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The energy goes to producing sound and to heating the ground, rock, and surround air
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the law of conservation of energy
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The total quantity of energy in the universe never changes
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A basketball player jumps to make a basket, and remains in the air for a moment. A sportscaster, talking about the game, then remarks that she has defied gravity. Which of the following accurately describes the situation?
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The player produced enough force with her legs to accelerate up into the air, and gravity brought her back down with an acceleration of 9.8m/s^2
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Of the temperature ranges below, which range represents the smallest range of actual temperature?
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50-100 fahrenheit
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The ultimate source of energy that powers the sun is
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mass energy of hydrogen fusing into helium
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In the formula E=mc^2, what does E represent
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the mass-energy, or potential energy stored in an object's mass
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What quantities does angular momentum depend upon
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mass, velocity, and radius
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As an interstellar gas cloud shrinks in size, its gravitational potential energy:
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gradually transforms into other forms of energy
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If you are driving at 30 miles per hour and increase your speed to 60 miles per hour, you quadruple your kinetic energy
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True
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Compared to its angular momentum when it is farthest from the Sun, Earth's angular momentum when it is nearest to the Sun is
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The same
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Which of the following is not conserved quantity
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radiation
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If you double the mass of fusion material in a hydrogen bomb, you quadruple the amount of energy generated
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False
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A skater can spin faster by pulling her arms closer to her body or spin slower by spreading her arms out from her body. This is due to
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conservation of angular momentum
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Gasoline is useful in cars because it has
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chemical potential energy
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When energy is converted from one form to another, a tiny amount is inevitably lost
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False
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Absolute zero is
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0 kelvin
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Newton's second law of motion tells us that the net force applied to an object equals its
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mass times acceleration
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Which of the following statements is not one of Newton's laws of motion
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what goes up must come down
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Suppose an object is moving in a straight line at 50 miles/hr. According to newton's first law of motion, the object will
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Continue to move in the same way until it is acted upon by a force
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Which of the following describes a speed, according to an astronomer
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10 light yers per 1 million years
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Choose the correct description of an object that is accelerating
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a car going around a circular track at a steady 100 miles per hour
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Compared to their value on Earth, on another planet your
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mass would be the same but your weight would be different
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If your mass is 60 kg on Earth, what would your mass be on the moon
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60 kg
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Momentum is defined as
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mass times velocity
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If an object's velocity is doubled its momentum is
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doubled
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What would happen if the Space shuttle were launched with a speed greater than Earth's escape velocity
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It would travel away from Earth into the solar system
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Standing on the surface of the Earth you drop a rock down a well and it falls for 5 seconds before hitting the bottom. How fast is it moving when it hits the bottom of the well? Neglect air resistance.
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50 m/s
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As a giant cloud of gas collapses due to gravity, you would expect its rate of rotation to
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increase
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Which of the following represents a change from potential energy to kinetic energy
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A rock starting from rest on a high cliff, then moving faster and faster as it falls
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Suppose two objects are attracting each other gravitationally. If you double the distance between them, the strength of their gravitational attraction __________.
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decreases by a factor of 4
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Which of the following are allowed orbital paths under gravity
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parabolic, hyperbolic, elliptical
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Considering Einstein's famous equation, E=mc^2, which of the following statements is true
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A small amount of mass can be turned into a large amount of energy
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What does temperature measure
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the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance
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Radiative energy is
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energy carried by light
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Where does the energy come from that your body uses to keep you alive
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If comes from the food you eat
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When a spinning ice skater pulls in his arms, he spins faster because
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his angular momentum must be conserved, so reducing his radius must increase his speed of rotation
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If you want to make a rocket turn left you need to
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fire an engine that shoots out gas to the right
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