Anatomy Exam 3 Connect

Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system? Control of pH Promotes the flow of lymph and venous blood Helps regulate blood pressure Assists in the synthesis of vasodilators Aids in defecation

The upper respiratory tract extends from the nose through the _________. trachea pharynx larynx alveoli lungs

The nose is divided into right and left halves called the __________. nasal cavities nasal fossae nasal septa nasal vestibules nasal apertures

Which two ligaments extend from the thyroid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilages? Vestibular and vocal Laryngeal and corniculate Corniculate and cricoid Cricoid and arytenoid Thyrohyoid and cricoids

What are the most numerous cells in the lungs? Mucosal cells Type I alveolar cells Type II alveolar cells Dust cells Vibrissal cells

Each alveolus is surrounded by a web of blood capillaries supplied by the _________. aorta pulmonary artery pulmonary vein inferior vena cava superior vena cava

Which of the following does not contain ciliated cells? Nasal cavity Trachea Primary bronchus Terminal bronchiole Larygopharynx

What is the basic distinction between an alveolar duct and an alveolar atrium? Their shape Their size Their function Their epithelial type The presence or absence of cilia

Which bronchus is about 5cm long and slightly narrower and more horizontal than the one on the opposite side? Left segmental bronchus Right segmental bronchus Right lobar bronchus Left main bronchus Right main bronchus

The heart indents into the __________ of the left lung. oblique fissure hilum apex cardiac notch base

The respiratory system contains a total of five __________. segmental bronchi choanae laryngeal cartilages lobes tracheal cartilages

Crude sounds are formed into intelligible speech by all of the following except the _________. pharynx epiglottis oral cavity tongue lips

Which of the following cartilages is largest? Corniculate cartilage Epiglottic cartilage Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Arytenoid cartilage

Which law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases? Boyle's Valsalva's Dalton's Charles's Henry's

In a healthy person, which of the following will have the greatest influence on resistance to pulmonary airflow? Atmospheric pressure Respiratory rate Bronchiole diameter Quantity of surfactant Contraction of the diaphragm

The amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be inhaled with maximum effort is the __________. vital capacity inspiratory reserve volume expiratory reserve volume residual volume inspiratory capacity

How is the vital capacity calculated? Inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory volume Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume Expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume Expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume Respiratory volume + tidal volume

Deep, rapid breathing often seen in terminal diabetes mellitus is known as what? Tachypnea Dyspnea Orthopnea Hyperpnea Kussmaul respiration

Carbon dioxide is transported by all the following means except _________. carbaminohemoglobin carbonic acid carbonate bicarbonate ions dissolved gas

Tom is in respiratory arrest due to an electrical shock. Why does a good samaritan have up to 4 or 5 minutes to begin CPR and save Tom's life? There is reserve oxygen in Tom's lungs. There is a venous reserve of oxygen in Tom's blood. The ambient Po2 can support life that long. The Haldane effect lasts up to 5 minutes. Tom's hypoxic drive will keep him alive for up to 5 minutes.

During exercise, which of the following directly increases respiratory rate? Increased H+ level in the blood The Bohr effect Reduced blood pH Reduced oxyhemoglobin Anticipation of the needs of exercising muscle

Which of the following would slow down gas exchange between the blood and alveolar air? An increase in membrane thickness An increase in alveolar surface area An increase in respiratory rate A decrease in membrane thickness A decrease in nitrogen solubility

The addition of CO2 to the blood generates __________ ions in the RBCs, which in turn stimulates RBCs to unload more oxygen. sodium potassium nitrogen hydrogen chloride

Which of the following has no effect on oxyhemoglobin dissociation? Epinephrine Fever Thyroid hormone Low pH Erythrocyte count

In the air we breathe, which gas is found in the highest concentration? Oxygen Water vapor Nitrogen Carbon dioxide Hydrogen

Each hemoglobin molecule can transport up to __________ oxygen molecules. 6 2 3 4 5

Normally, the systemic arterial blood has a Po2 of ___________ mm Hg, a Pco2 of ___________ mm Hg, and a pH of ___________. 40; 95; 7.4 95; 40; 7.4 7.4; 40; 95 95; 7.4; 40 40; 7.4; 95

Which of the following enzymes in an RBC breaks H2CO3 down to water and carbon dioxide? Hemoglobinase Carboxyhemoglobinase Carbonic anhydrase Bisphosphoglycerase Carbaminoreductase

In one passage through a bed of systemic blood capillaries, the blood gives up about what percentage of its oxygen? 5% to 10% 10% to 15% 20% to 25% 30% to 40% 70% to 85%

Which of the following is the term for a deficiency of oxygen or the inability to utilize oxygen in a tissue? Apoxia Hypoxia Anoxia Cyanosis Eupnea

Congestive heart failure results in which of the following? Hypoxemic hypoxia Ischemic hypoxia Anemic hypoxia Histotoxic hypoxia Idiopathic hypoxia

Which of the following is a lung disease marked by a reduced number of cilia, reduced motility of the remaining cilia, goblet cell hypertrophy and hypersecretion, and thick sputum? Asthma Oat-cell carcinoma Atelectasis Chronic bronchitis Emphysema

Which of the following would lead to anemic hypoxia? Sickle-cell disease Emphysema Squamous-cell carcinoma Asthma Atelectasis

Which of the following is a lung disease marked by abnormally few but large alveoli? Cor pulmonale Pulmonary hemosiderosis Emphysema Atelectasis Collapsed lung

In which condition are the lungs infected with Mycobacterium and produce fibrous nodules around the bacteria, leading to progressive pulmonary fibrosis? Pneumonia Dyspnea Pneumothorax Tuberculosis Rhinitis

Which malignancy originates in the lamina propria of the bronchi? Squamous-cell carcinoma Oat-cell carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Pulmonary edema Cor pulmonale

Polio can sometimes damage the brainstem respiratory centers and result in which condition? A Bohr effect Adult respiratory distress syndrome A pneumothorax Atelectasis Ondine's curse

Which of these is most likely to result from contact between contaminated fingers and the nasal mucosa? Apnea Adult respiratory distress syndrome Acute bronchitis Acute rhinitis Asthma

Scuba divers breathe a nitrogen-oxygen mixture rather than pure compressed oxygen in order to avoid what condition? The bends Oxygen toxicity Rapture of the deep Caisson disease Hypoxemic hypoxia

Nitrogen bubbles can form in the blood and other tissues when a scuba diver ascends too rapidly, producing a syndrome called _________. decompression sickness hyperbaric disease cerebral embolism pulmonary barotrauma pulmonary edema

The vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves carry afferent signals from peripheral chemoreceptors to a chemosensitive area in the ___________. pontine respiratory group dorsal respiratory group ventral respiratory group medulla oblongata pons

Mucus plays an important role in cleansing inhaled air. It is produced by __________ of the respiratory tract. squamous alveolar cells great alveolar cells the pleurae ciliated cells goblet cells

The blood transports more CO2 in the form of ___________ than in any other form. carbaminohemoglobin carboxyhemoglobin bicarbonate ions dissolved CO2 gas bisphosphocarbonate

Among its other purposes, how is the Valsalva maneuver used? To aid in defecation and urination As part of the procedure for giving CPR to a person in respiratory arrest To ventilate the lungs during eupnea To expel more than the usual tidal volume from the lungs To clear carbon monoxide from the body and replace it with oxygen

Blood banks dispose of blood that has low levels of bisphosphoglycerate. What would be the probable reason for doing so? A low BPG level causes acidosis of blood. Erythrocytes low in BPG do not unload CO2 very well. Erythrocytes low in BPG do not unload O2 very well. Erythrocytes low in BPG do not load O2 very well. A decline in BPG level is accompanied by a decline in hemoglobin level.

Your breathing rate is 12 breaths/minute; your tidal volume is 500 mL; your vital capacity is 4700 mL; and your dead air space is 150 mL. Your alveolar ventilation rate is __________ mL/min. 2,400 3,600 4,200 5,600 6,400

Your breathing rate is 14 breaths/minute; spirometric measurements reveal your tidal volume is 500 mL; your inspiratory reserve volume is 3000 mL; and your expiratory reserve volume is 1,200 mL. Your vital capacity is __________ mL. 2,400 3,000 3,800 4,700 5,800

Output from higher brain centers can bypass both the DRG and VRG and go directly to __________, which controls the accessory muscles of respiration. the diaphragm spinal integration centers the cerebral cortex the vagus nerve

Which of the following issues output to the VRG to adjust the respiratory rhythm? DRG PRG NRG SRG

Which center bears the primary responsibility for generating the respiratory rhythm, but is influenced by several other centers? PRG DRG VRG SRG

The pH of the cerebrospinal fluid is monitored by which of these brainstem centers? PRG Hypothalamic osmoreceptors Medullary baroreceptors Central chemoreceptors

Emotional states are integrated by the __________, which generates an output that creates such respiratory variations as laughing and crying. VRG PRG DRG SRG

Upon inspiration, what is the name of the air in the conducting division that is not available for gas exchange? Alveolar dead space Tracheal dead space Anatomical dead space Conducting dead space

The anatomical dead space is greatest in which of the following situations? After eating a large meal After swerving to narrowly avoid an accident while driving After waking up from a long nap After watching TV for an hour

Air consists of about 78.6% nitrogen, 20.9% oxygen, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and 0.5% water. At sea level, (760 mmHg) what is the PCO2? 597 mm Hg 159 mm Hg 0.3 mm Hg 3.7 mm Hg

Which law states that the total atmospheric pressure is a sum of the contributions of the individual gases? Henry's Charles's Boyle's Dalton's

How is alveolar air different than inspired air? Alveolar air has a higher PN2 than inspired air. Alveolar air has a lower PCO2 than inspired air. Alveolar air has a higher PO2 than inspired air. Alveolar air has a higher PH2O than inhaled air.

Metabolically active tissues have which of the following sets of conditions that shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right? ↑ PO2, ↓ PCO2, ↑ temperature, ↑ BPG ↓ PO2, ↑ PCO2, ↑ temperature, ↑ BPG ↓ PO2, ↑ PCO2, ↓ temperature, ↑ BPG ↑ PO2, ↓ PCO2, ↑ temperature, ↓ BPG

Conditions around metabolically active tissues do what to the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve? Shift it right Shift it left Decrease the slope Increase the slope

Hypocapnia will lead to which of the following conditions? Hypoventilation due to acidosis Hypoventilation due to alkalosis Hyperventilation due to acidosis Hyperventilation due to alkalosis

What is the least common but most dangerous form of lung cancer? Mesothelioma Adenocarcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Small-cell carcinoma