4.1 Defining The Atom, 4.2 Structure Of The Nuclear Atom, & 4.3 Distinguishing Between Atoms (Chapter 4 Study Guide)

Elements are composed of tiny particles called _____

Atoms of any one element are _________ from those of any other element.

Atoms of different elements can form _________ by combining in whole-number ratios.

Chemical reactions occur when atoms are ________, ______, or _________.

Atoms of one element change into atoms of another element during chemical reactions.

Atoms combine in one-to-one ratios to form compounds.

Atoms of one element are different from atoms of other elements.

Atom

An instrument used to generate images of individual atoms.

English chemist and schoolteacher who formulated a theory to describe the structure and chemical reactivity of matter in terms of atoms.

Greek philosopher who was among the first to suggest the existence of atoms.

In what type of ratios do atoms combine to form compounds?

Dalton theorized that atoms are indivisible, but the discovery of _________ particles changed this theory.

Scientists now know that atoms are made of electrons, which have a ________ charge; _______, which have a positive charge; and ________, which are neutral.

The latter two particles are found in the _______ of the atom.

It was ______ __________ who discovered the nucleus of the atom.

The nucleus, which has a ________ charge, occupies a very small volume of the atom.

In contrast, the negatively charged _________ occupy most of the volume of the atom.

According to Dalton's atomic theory, atoms are composed of protons, electrons, and neutrons.

Atoms of elements are electrically neutral.

The mass of an electron is equal to the mass of a neutron.

The charge on all protons is the same.

Negatively charged subatomic particles.

Stream of electrons produced at the negative electrode of a tube containing a gas at low pressure.

Positively charged subatomic particles.

Subatomic particles with no charge.

The central core of an atom, which is composed of protons and neutrons.

Which subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

Which subatomic particles are charged?

Describe Rutherford's model of the atom, including the location of protons, neutrons, and electrons with respect to the nucleus. How does this model explain the deflections of a beam of alpha particles aimed at a sheet of gold foil.

The number of _______ in the nucleus of an atom is the atomic ______ of that element.

Because atoms are electrically neutral, the number of protons and _________ in an atom are equal.

The total number of _______ and neutrons in an atom is the mass number.

Atoms of the same element are identical in most respects, but they can differ in the number of ________ I'm the nucleus.

Atoms that have the same number of protons but different mass numbers are called ________.

The ______ ____ of an element is the weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of that element.

Each of the three known isotopes of hydrogen has ___ proton(s) in the nucleus.

The most common hydrogen isotope has ____ neutrons.

It has a mass number of ___ and is called hydrogen-1.

The atomic number of an element is the sum of the protons and electrons in an atom of that element.

The atomic number of an atom is the total number of protons in an atom of that element.

An atom of nitrogen has 7 protons and 7 neutrons.

Relative atomic masses are expressed in amus.

The number of neutrons in the nucleus can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number.

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element.

An arrangement of elements according to similarities in their properties.

Equals the number of neutrons plus the number of protons in an atom.

A vertical column of elements in the periodic table.

Atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom

Weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of an element.

A horizontal row of the periodic table