Week 1: Intro To IT

256, Great job! Bits use the binary system, which is also known as the base-2 numeral system. So 2^8 allows us 256 values from 0 to 255.

UTF-8 can store a character in more than one byte. Wohoo! UTF-8 replaced the ASCII character-encoding standard because it can store a character in more than a single byte. This allowed us to represent a lot more character types, like emoji.

255 There are 256 values in a byte, from the decimal number 0 to 255.

99 The decimal value 99 is same as the binary value 0110 0011. So the numbers that are turned ON are 64, 32, 2, and 1 and added up together. In other words, 64 + 32 + 2 + 1 = 99.

11011011 & 00000000

Joseph Marie Jacquard, The looms took a sequence of cards with holes in them. When the loom encountered a hole, it would hook the thread underneath it. If it didn't encounter a hole, the hook wouldn't thread anything, which spun up a design pattern on the fabric. He reinvented the textile industry and shaped the world of computing.

Ada Lovelace, She was the first to recognize the machine could be used for more than pure calculations. She developed the first algorithm for the engine, the first example of computer programming.

Algorithm

Punch cards

He used them in his Analytical Engine to allow people to predefine a series of calculations they wanted to perform. As impressive as this engine was, it was still just a very advanced mechanical calculator. Until Ada Lovelace changed the GAME

Charles Babbage, He built a Difference engine, it was a sophisticated version of some of the mechanical calculators. He was inspired by Joseph Marie Jacquard use of punch card's to automatically perform calculations instead of manually entering them by hand.

QWERTY

It's a wooden tool child used to play with but it's actually one of the earliest known computers. It was invented in 500 BC to count large numbers.

Blaise Pascal "Pascal's Calculator", This device used a series of levers and gears to perform calculations automatically. This device was limited to division, subtraction, multiplication, and addition for small numbers. It paved the way for future inventors.

Textile Industry

Before we had streamlined manufacturing, looms were used to weave yarn into fabric. -Joseph Jacquard invented the programmable loom -Charles Babbage, engineer, used his idea and created a mechanical calculator the Difference Engine -Ada Lovelace, created the first algorithm that could be programmed into the Analytical engine. This was the first example of computer programming.

-The Abacus 500 bc -Blaise Pascal Mechanical Calculator -Joseph Jacquard invented the programmable loom -Charles Babbage, an engineer, used his idea and created a mechanical calculator the Difference Engine -Ada Lovelace, created the first algorithm that could be programmed into the Analytical engine. This was the first example of computer programming. These advances took place in 1800

During World War 2, computing was crazy expensive and bulky. When the war broke out, the government poured money into computing research. They wanted to have advantages over other countries that birthed Cryptography. During the war, computers were used to process secret messages from enemies faster than a human could ever hope to do.

Cryptography is the art of writing and solving codes. During World War 2, computers were used to process secret messages from enemies faster than a human could ever hope to do.

It is a critical part of computer security

He was a key part of the team that cracked the Enigma machine. The Enigma machine is just one of the examples of how governments started to recognize the potential of computation.

magnetic tape, If they dropped the deck by accident and the cards got out of order, it was almost impossible to get them sorted again. There were obviously some limitations to punch cards, but thanks to new technological innovations like magnetic tape and its counterparts, people began to store more data on more reliable media.

Vacuum tubes control the electricity voltages and all sorts of electronic equipment like televisions and radios, but these specific vacuum tubes were bulky and broke all the time. Imagine what the work of an I.T.

A magnetic tape worked by magnetizing data onto a tape. Back in the 1970s and 80s, people used to listen to music on vinyl records or cassette tapes. These relics are examples of how magnetic tapes can store information and run that information from a machine. This left stacks and stacks of punch cards to collect dust while their new magnetic tape counterparts began to revolutionize the industry.

ENIAC -Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, It was Turing-complete and able to solve "a large class of numerical problems" through reprogramming. It was a wall-to-wall convolution of massive electronic components and wires. It had 17,000 vacuum tubes and took up about 1,800 square feet of floor space.

Transistors, The industry started using transistors to control electricity voltages. This is now a fundamental component of all electronic devices. Transistors perform almost the same functions as vacuum tubes but they are more compact and more efficient. You can easily have billions of transistors in a small computer chip today. Throughout the decades, more and more advancements were made.