Mastering Biology Ch 8

They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers.

Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

entropy of the universe.

The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy.

It is lost to the environment.

increase the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction

The active site can provide heat from the environment that raises the energy content of the substrate. An enzyme cannot extract heat from the environment to speed a reaction. It can only lower the activation energy barrier so that more substrates have the energy to react.

their enzymes have high optimal temperatures.

add more of the enzyme.

exergonic; endergonic

The final product of a metabolic pathway is usually the compound that regulates the pathway. It is quite common that the end product of the pathway controls the overall rate of the pathway

A substrate molecule bound to an active site of one subunit promotes substrate binding to the active site of other subunits.

The reaction is faster than the same reaction in the absence of the enzyme.

activation energy.

the activation energy barrier for this reaction cannot easily be surmounted at room temperature.

Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy barrier.

is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme.

The binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzyme's active site.

curves 1 and 4

c. exergonic, Δ G < 0

D

D

A

D