Mastering A&P Ch 11

What component of the reflex arc determines the response to a stimulus? sensory neuron effector receptor integration center

Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? guide the migration of young neurons, synapse formation, and helping to determine capillary permeability control the chemical environment around neurons provide the defense for the CNS support and brace neurons anchor neurons to blood vessels

Which of the following describes the excitatory postsynaptic potential? opens K+ or Cl- channels short distance depolarization moves membrane potential away from threshold short distance hyperpolarization

Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? gamma aminobutyric acid norepinephrine acetylcholine cholinesterase

The generation of an action potential in a neuron requires the presence what type of membrane channels? leakage channels voltage-gated channels chemically gated channels membrane channels are not required

Which of the following types of glial cells monitors the health of neurons, and can transform into a special type of macrophage to protect endangered neurons? ependymal cells astrocytes oligodendrocytes microglia

During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative. True False

Which of the following is NOT a difference between graded potentials and action potentials? Greater stimulus intensity results in larger graded potentials, but not larger action potentials. Graded potentials can result from the opening of chemically gated channels; action potentials require the opening of voltage-gated channels. Spatial summation is used to increase the amplitude of a graded potential; temporal summation is used to increase the amplitude of an action potential. Graded potentials occur along dendrites, whereas action potentials occur along axons.

Which membrane potential occurs because of the influx of Na+ through chemically gated channels in the receptive region of a neuron? inhibitory action potential action potential excitatory postsynaptic potential inhibitory postsynaptic potential

Which of the following peripheral nervous system (PNS) neuroglia form the myelin sheaths around larger nerve fibers in the PNS? satellite cells oligodendrocytes Schwann cells astrocytes

Which of the choices below describes the ANS? motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the head, body wall, and limbs and from receptors from the special senses of vision, hearing, taste, and smell to the CNS

Which neurotransmitter(s) is/are the body's natural pain killer? acetylcholine norepinephrine substance P endorphins

Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? They are mitotic. They have extreme longevity. They conduct impulses. They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate.

Which of the following neurotransmitters inhibits pain and is mimicked by morphine, heroin, and methadone? endorphin serotonin nitric oxide acetylcholine

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic functions of the nervous system? integration of sensory input monitor changes occurring both inside and outside the body regulation of neurogenesis control the activity of muscles and glands

Which of the following is a factor that determines the rate of impulse propagation, or conduction velocity, along an axon? length of the axon the number of axon collaterals extending from a truncated axon whether the axon is located in the central nervous system or in the peripheral nervous system degree of myelination of the axon

Which of the following allows us to consciously control our skeletal muscles? the afferent division of the nervous system the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system the somatic nervous system

The sodium-potassium pump ejects two Na+ from the cell and then transports three K+ back into the cell in order to maintain the concentration gradients for sodium and potassium. True False

The small space between the sending neuron and the receiving neuron is the vesicle. neurotransmitter. synaptic cleft. synaptic terminal. calcium channel.

A molecule that carries information across a synaptic cleft is a receiving neuron. synapse. neurotransmitter. sending neuron. synaptic cleft.

When calcium ions enter the synaptic terminal, they cause vesicles containing neurotransmitter molecules to fuse to the plasma membrane of the sending neuron. the inside of the receiving neuron becomes more positive. the inside of the receiving neuron becomes more negative. they cause an action potential in the sending neuron. neurotransmitter molecules are quickly removed from the synaptic cleft.

When neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors in the plasma membrane of the receiving neuron, ion channels in the plasma membrane of the sending neuron open. ion channels in the plasma membrane of the receiving neuron open. vesicles in the synaptic terminal fuse to the plasma membrane of the sending neuron. the receiving neuron becomes more negative inside. the receiving neuron becomes more positive inside.

If a signal from a sending neuron makes the receiving neuron more negative inside, the receiving neuron is more likely to generate an action potential. the sending neuron becomes more positive inside. the sending neuron becomes more negative inside. the receiving neuron immediately generates an action potential. the receiving neuron is less likely to generate an action potential.

If bacteria invaded the CNS tissue, microglia would migrate to the area to engulf and destroy them. True False

Which of the following types of glial cells produces the myelin sheaths that insulate axons, or nerve fibers, in the central nervous system (CNS)? oligodendrocytes ependymal cells astrocytes microglia

In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? The interior is ________. positively charged and contains more sodium positively charged and contains less sodium negatively charged and contains less sodium negatively charged and contains more sodium

Which of the following are gaps found along a myelin sheath? nodes of Ranvier outer collar of perinuclear cytoplasm axolemma terminal boutons

Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase. True False

What part of the nervous system performs information processing and integration? sympathetic nervous system somatic nervous system central nervous system parasympathetic nervous system

Which of the following is not true of graded potentials? They increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point. They can form on receptor endings. They are short-lived. They can be called postsynaptic potentials.

Which neuron circuit pattern is involved in the control of rhythmic activities such as breathing? converging circuit reverberating circuit parallel after-discharge circuit diverging circuit