IS380 CH1 -4

25 July 2022
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119 test answers

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21. _____ is the result of revealing the meaning of raw facts. a. End-user data b. An encoded sample c. An encrypted bit d. Information
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d. Information
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21. The entity relationship diagram (ERD) represents the _____ database as viewed by the end user. a. condensed b. physical c. logical d. conceptual
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d. conceptual
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21. A(n) _____'s main function is to help one understand the complexities of the real-world environment. a. node b. entity c. model d. database
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c. model
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21. _____ logic, used extensively in mathematics, provides a framework in which an assertion (statement of fact) can be verified as either true or false. a. Predicate b. Database c. Relational d. Index
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a. Predicate
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22. A(n) _____ is anything about which data are to be collected and stored. a. attribute b. entity c. relationship d. constraint
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b. entity
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22. Each table _____ represents an attribute. a. column b. row c. dimension d. value
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a. column
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22. The _____ notation of entity-relationship modelling can be used for both conceptual and implementation modelling. a. Bachman b. UML c. Chen d. Crow's Foot
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b. UML
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22. _____ is the body of information and facts about a specific subject. a. Validation b. A format c. Knowledge d. A database
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c. Knowledge
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23. Accurate, relevant, and timely information is the key to ____. a. data management b. good decision making c. knowledge d. understanding
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b. good decision making
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23. A(n) _____ represents a particular type of object in the real world. a. attribute b. entity c. relationship d. node
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b. entity
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23. Date attributes contain calendar dates stored in a special format known as the _____ date format. a. Epoch b. calendar c. Julian d. logical
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c. Julian
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23. A(n) _____ is the set of possible values for a given attribute. a. domain b. range c. identifier d. key
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a. domain
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24. End-user data is _____. a. knowledge about the end users b. raw facts of interest to the end user c. information about a specific subject d. accurate, relevant and timely
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b. raw facts of interest to the end user
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24. A(n) _____ is the equivalent of a field in a file system. a. attribute b. entity c. relationship d. constraint
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a. attribute
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24. In the relational model, _____ are important because they are used to ensure that each row in a table is uniquely identifiable. a. relations b. keys c. indexes d. logical structures
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b. keys
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24. Ideally, an entity identifier is composed of _____ attribute(s). a. one b. two c. three d. six
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a. one
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25. A _____ attribute can be further subdivided to yield additional attributes. a. composite b. simple c. single-valued d. multivalued
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a. composite
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25. _____ provide a description of the data characteristics and the set of relationships that link the data found within the database. a. Queries b. End-user data c. Metadata d. Schemas
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c. Metadata
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25. A _____ is any key that uniquely identifies each row. a. superkey b. special key c. foreign key d. candidate key
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a. superkey
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25. A(n) _____ is bidirectional. a. attribute b. entity c. relationship d. constraint
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c. relationship
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26. _____ serve as the intermediary between the user and the database. a. DBMSs b. Metadata c. End-user data d. Programming languages
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a. DBMSs
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26. A(n) _____ is a restriction placed on the data. a. attribute b. entity c. relationship d. constraint
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d. constraint
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26. A _____ key can be described as a minimal superkey, a superkey without any unnecessary attributes. a. secondary b. candidate c. primary d. foreign
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b. candidate
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26. A _____ attribute is one that cannot be subdivided. a. composite b. simple c. single-valued d. multivalued
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b. simple
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27. The database structure in a DBMS is stored as a _____. a. single file b. collection of files c. set of key/value pairs d. collection of queries
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b. collection of files
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27. _____ are important because they help to ensure data integrity. a. Attributes b. Entities c. Relationships d. Constraints
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d. Constraints
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27. A _____ is the primary key of one table that has been placed into another table to create a common attribute. a. superkey b. composite primary key c. candidate key d. foreign key
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d. foreign key
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27. The conceptual model can handle _____ relationships and multivalued attributes. a. 1:1 b. M:N c. 1:M d. 1:N
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b. M:N
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28. A derived attribute is indicated in the Chen notation by a _____ that connects the attribute and an entity. a. single line b. dashed line c. double dashed line d. double line
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b. dashed line
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28. A _____ key is defined as a key that is used strictly for data retrieval purposes. a. lookup b. foreign c. candidate d. secondary
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d. secondary
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28. _____ are normally expressed in the form of rules. a. Attributes b. Entities c. Relationships d. Constraints
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d. Constraints
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28. A(n) _____ might be written by a programmer or it might be created through a DBMS utility program. a. query b. operating system c. database management system d. application
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d. application
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29. _____ exists when different versions of the same data appear in different places. a. Data inconsistency b. Poor data security c. Structural dependence d. Conceptual dependence
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a. Data inconsistency
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29. Referential _____ dictates that the foreign key must contain values that match the primary key in the related table, or must contain null. a. integrity b. uniqueness c. model d. attribute
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a. integrity
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29. The decision to store _____ attributes in database tables depends on the processing requirements and the constraints placed on a particular application. a. multivalued b. derived c. single-valued d. composite
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b. derived
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29. Students and classes have a _____ relationship. a. one-to-one b. one-to-many c. many-to-one d. many-to-many
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d. many-to-many
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30. The response of the DBMS to a query is the ___________ a. ad hoc query b. ad hoc response c. query result set d. integrated view of the data
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c. query result set
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30. Which of the following is true of business rules? a. They allow the designer to set company policies with regard to data. b. They allow the designer to develop business processes. c. They can serve as a communication tool between the users and designers. d. They provide a framework for the company's self-actualization.
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c. They can serve as a communication tool between the users and designers.
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30. The CUSTOMER table's primary key is CUS_CODE. The CUSTOMER primary key column has no null entries, and all entries are unique. This is an example of _____ integrity. a. entity b. referential c. relational d. null
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a. entity
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30. A relationship is an association between _____. a. objects b. entities c. databases d. fields
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b. entities
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31. The _____ constraint can be placed on a column to ensure that every row in the table has a value for that column. a. UNIQUE b. NOT NULL c. VALUE d. EMPTY
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b. NOT NULL
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31. _____ expresses the minimum and maximum number of entity occurrences associated with one occurrence of the related entity. a. Connectivity b. Relationship c. Dependence d. Cardinality
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d. Cardinality
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31. A noun in a business rule translates to a(n) _____ in the data model. a. entity b. attribute c. relationship d. constraint
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a. entity
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31. A(n) _____ database is used by an organization and supports many users across many departments. a. desktop b. workgroup c. enterprise d. transactional
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c. enterprise
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32. A verb associating two nouns in a business rule translates to a(n) _____ in the data model. a. entity b. attribute c. relationship d. constraint
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c. relationship
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32. To be considered minimally relational, the DBMS must support the key relational operators _____, PROJECT, and JOIN. a. INTERSECT b. UNION c. DIFFERENCE d. SELECT
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d. SELECT
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32. In the entity relationship diagram (ERD), cardinality is indicated using the _____ notation, where max is the maximum number of associated entities and min represents the minimum number of associated entities. a. (max, min) b. (min, max) c. [min ... max] d. {min|max}
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b. (min, max)
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32. A(n) _____ database supports a relatively small number of users (usually fewer than 50) or a specific department within an organization. a. desktop b. workgroup c. enterprise d. transactional
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b. workgroup
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33. A workgroup database is a(n) _____ database. a. single-user b. multiuser c. desktop d. distributed
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b. multiuser
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33. In the _____ model, the basic logical structure is represented as an upside-down tree. a. hierarchical b. network c. relational d. entity relationship
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a. hierarchical
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33. _____, also known as RESTRICT, yields values for all rows found in a table that satisfy a given condition. a. INTERSECT b. UNION c. DIFFERENCE d. SELECT
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d. SELECT
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33. When the specific cardinalities are not included on the diagram in Crow's Foot notation, cardinality is implied by the use of _____. a. symbols b. attributes c. images d. tables
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a. symbols
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34. A desktop database is a _____ database. a. single-user b. multiuser c. workgroup d. distributed
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a. single-user
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34. In the _____ model, each parent can have many children, but each child has only one parent. a. hierarchical b. network c. relational d. entity relationship
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a. hierarchical
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34. _____ returns only the attributes requested, in the order in which they are requested. a. PROJECT b. SELECT c. UNION d. DIFFERENCE
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a. PROJECT
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34. Knowing the minimum and maximum number of _____ occurrences is very helpful at the application software level. a. object b. attribute c. data d. entity
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d. entity
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35. When two or more tables share the same number of columns, and when their corresponding columns share the same or compatible domains, they are said to be _____. a. intersect-compatible b. union-compatible c. difference-compatible d. select-compatible
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b. union-compatible
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35. An entity is said to be _____-dependent if it can exist in the database only when it is associated with another related entity occurrence. a. existence b. relationship c. business d. data
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a. existence
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35. The hierarchical data model was developed in the _____. a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s
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a. 1960s
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35. A data warehouse contains historical data obtained from the _____. a. operational databases b. desktop database c. enterprise databases d. workgroup databases
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a. operational databases
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36. _____ data exist in the format in which they were collected. a. Structured b. Semistructured c. Unstructured d. Historical
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c. Unstructured
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36. In the _____ model, the user perceives the database as a collection of records in 1:M relationships, where each record can have more than one parent. a. hierarchical b. network c. object-oriented d. entity relationship
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b. network
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36. A(n) _____ join links tables by selecting only the rows with common values in their common attribute(s). a. attribute b. unique c. foreign d. natural
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d. natural
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36. If an entity can exist apart from all of its related entities, then it is existence-independent, and it is referred to as a(n) _____ entity. a. weak b. alone c. unary d. strong
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d. strong
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37. _____ data exist in a format that does not lend itself to processing that yields information. a. Structured b. Semistructured c. Unstructured d. Historical
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c. Unstructured
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37. The object-oriented data model was developed in the _____. a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s
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c. 1980s
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37. _____ are especially useful when you are trying to determine what values in related tables cause referential integrity problems. a. Inner joins b. Outer joins c. Equijoins d. Theta joins
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b. Outer joins
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37. A _____ entity has a primary key that is partially or totally derived from the parent entity in the relationship. a. strong b. weak c. business d. child
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b. weak
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38. _____ are the result of formatting disorganized data in order to facilitate storage, use and generation of information. a. Structured data b. Raw data c. Unstructured data d. Obsolete data
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a. Structured data
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38. VMS/VSAM is an example of the _____. a. hierarchical model b. file system data model c. relational data model d. XML data model
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b. file system data model
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38. A(n) _____ only returns matched records from the tables that are being joined. a. outer join b. inner join c. equijoin d. theta join
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b. inner join
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38. The existence of a(n) _____ entity indicates that its minimum cardinality is zero. a. ternary b. optional c. strong d. weak
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b. optional
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39. A _____ relationship exists when an association is maintained within a single entity. a. unary b. ternary c. strong d. weak
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a. unary
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39. A _____ contains at least all of the attribute names and characteristics for each table in the system. a. data dictionary b. relational schema c. logical schema d. database
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a. data dictionary
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39. Most data that can be encountered are best classified as _____. a. structured b. semistructured c. unstructured d. historical
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b. semistructured
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39. Oracle 12c, MS SQL Server, and Tamino are examples of _____ data models. a. hierarchical b. file system c. relational d. XML Hybrid
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d. XML Hybrid
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40. An XML database supports the storage and management of _____ XML data. a. structured b. multistructured c. fullystructured d. semistructured
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d. semistructured
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40. MySQL is an example of the _____. a. hierarchical model b. file system data model c. relational data model d. XML data model
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c. relational data model
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40. The _____ is actually a system-created database whose tables store the user/designer-created database characteristics and contents. a. database tuple b. systematic database c. unique index d. system catalog
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d. system catalog
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40. A _____ relationship exists when three entities are associated. a. unary b. strong c. ternary d. weak
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c. ternary
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41. The organization of data within folders in a manual file system is determined by _______. a. its date of creation b. its expected use c. the title of the documents in the folder d. the data processing specialist
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b. its expected use
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41. A(n) _____ enables a database administrator to describe schema components. a. extensible markup language (XML) b. data definition language (DDL) c. unified modeling language (UML) d. query language
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b. data definition language (DDL)
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41. In a database context, the word _____ indicates the use of the same attribute name to label different attributes. a. redundancy b. homonym c. duplicate d. synonym
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b. homonym
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41. If an employee within an EMPLOYEE entity has a relationship with itself, that relationship is known as a _____ relationship. a. self b. self-referring c. looping d. recursive
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d. recursive
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42. A _____ is a logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person, place, or thing. a. database b. column c. record d. file
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c. record
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42. The relational data model was developed in the _____. a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s
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b. 1970s
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42. In a database context, a(n) _____ indicates the use of different names to describe the same attribute. a. entity b. duplicate c. synonym d. homonym
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c. synonym
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42. To simplify the conceptual design, most higher-order relationships are decomposed into appropriate equivalent _____ relationships whenever possible. a. unary b. binary c. strong d. weak
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b. binary
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43. The entity relationship model uses the associative entity to represent a(n) _____ relationship between two or more entities. a. M:N b. 1:M c. N:1 d. M:1
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a. M:N
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43. A _____ is a collection of related records. a. schema b. field c. column d. file
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d. file
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43. The _____ relationship is the "relational model ideal." a. 1:1 b. 1:M c. M:1 d. M:N
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b. 1:M
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43. The _____ model was developed to allow designers to use a graphical tool to examine structures rather than describing them with text. a. hierarchical b. network c. object-oriented d. entity relationship
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d. entity relationship
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44. A _____ is a character or group of characters that has a specific meaning. a. database b. field c. record d. file
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b. field
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45. The _____ model uses the term connectivity to label the relationship types. a. relational b. network c. object-oriented d. entity relationship
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d. entity relationship
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44. The _____ relationship should be rare in any relational database design. a. 1:1 b. 1:M c. M:1 d. M:N
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a. 1:1
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44. When using the Crow's Foot notation, the associative entity is indicated by _____ relationship lines between the parents and the associative entity. a. dotted b. double c. triple d. solid
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d. solid
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45. Which of the following is true of spreadsheet applications? a. They provide enhanced security and robust data sharing features. b. They do not allow manipulation of data once entered. c. They are a better alternative to databases. d. They enhance the user's ability to understand the data.
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d. They enhance the user's ability to understand the data.
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46. The _____ data model is said to be a semantic data model. a. relational b. network c. object-oriented d. entity relationship
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c. object-oriented
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45. _____ relationships can be implemented by creating a new entity in 1:M relationships with the original entities. a. 1:N b. M:1 c. M:N d. 1:1
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c. M:N
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45. The first step in building an entity-relationship diagram (ERD) is _____. a. developing the initial ERD b. creating a detailed narrative of the organization's description of operations c. identifying the attributes and primary keys that adequately describe the entities d. identifying the business rules based on the description of operations
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b. creating a detailed narrative of the organization's description of operations
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46. Which of the following refers to the situation where different versions of the same data are stored at different places because they weren't updated consistently? a. Data query b. Data integrity c. Data dictionary d. Data redundancy
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d. Data redundancy
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47. The _____ data model uses the concept of inheritance. a. relational b. network c. object-oriented d. entity relationship
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c. object-oriented
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46. Another name for a composite entity is a(n) _____ entity. a. bridge b. linked c. directive d. associative
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a. bridge
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46. The Crow's foot symbol with two vertical parallel lines indicates _____ cardinality. a. (0,N) b. (1,N) c. (1,1) d. (0,1)
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c. (1,1)
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47. If Tiny College has some departments that are classified as "research only" and do not offer courses, the COURSE entity of the college database would be _____ the DEPARTMENT entity. a. existence-dependent on b. independent of c. mandatory for d. optional to
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d. optional to
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47. Data is said to be verifiable if: a. the data always yields consistent results. b. the data cannot be changed or manipulated. c. the data is obtained from trusted sources. d. the data is stored in different places within the database.
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a. the data always yields consistent results.
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47. A(n) _____ is an orderly arrangement used to logically access rows in a table. a. primary rule b. superkey c. relationship d. index
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d. index
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48. Which of the following types of HDFS nodes stores all the metadata about a file system? a. Data node b. Client node c. Name node d. Map node
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c. Name node
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48. _____ is defined as the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with the real-world events and conditions. a. Data integrity b. Data anomaly c. Data ubiquity d. Data quality
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a. Data integrity
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49. Which of the following is true of NoSQL databases? a. They do not support distributed database architectures. b. They are not based on the relational model. c. They are geared toward transaction consistency rather than performance. d. They do not support very large amounts of sparse data.
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b. They are not based on the relational model.
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48. When you define a table's primary key, the DBMS automatically creates a(n) _____ index on the primary key column(s) you declared. a. key b. composite c. unique d. primary
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c. unique
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48. In organizations that generate large number of transactions, _____ are often a top priority in database design. a. relationships among entities b. logical design standards c. naming conventions d. high processing speeds
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d. high processing speeds
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49. The term _____ refers to an organization of components that define and regulate the collection, storage, management and use of data within a database environment. a. structured data b. transaction c. management system d. database system
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d. database system
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50. Which of the following types of HDFS nodes acts as the interface between the user application and the HDFS? a. Data node b. Client node c. Name node d. Map node
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b. Client node
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49. According to Codd's _____ rule of relational databases, application programs and ad hoc facilities are logically unaffected when changes are made to the table structures that preserve the original table values (changing order of columns or inserting columns). a. distribution independence b. logical data independence c. comprehensive data sublanguage d. integrity independence
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b. logical data independence
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49. Complex _____ requirements may dictate data transformations, and they may expand the number of entities and attributes within the design. a. information b. entity c. design d. processing
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a. information
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50. _____ relates to the activities that make the database execute transactions more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed. a. Performance tuning b. Database design c. Query access d. Database management
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a. Performance tuning
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50. According to Codd's _____ rule of relational databases, if the system supports low-level access to the data, users must not be allowed to bypass the integrity rules of the database. a. nonsubversion b. information c. guaranteed access d. view updating
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a. nonsubversion
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50. Database design is a(n) _____ process based on repetition. a. sequential b. iterative c. linear d. intermittent
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b. iterative