Econ

8 November 2023
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51 test answers

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A characteristic of the long run is
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All inputs can be varied.
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Average total cost equation
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AFC + AVC = ATC
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The marginal product of labor is defined as
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the additional output that results when one or more worker is hired, holding all other resources constant.
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Marginal Cost is equal to the (equation)
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Change in total cost divided by the change in output
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Long-run cost curves are U-shaped because
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B/C of economies and diseconomies of scale
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Marginal cost is the (Def.)
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additional cost of producing an additional unit of output
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Which of the following costs will not change as output changes?
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Total fixed cost
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Average fixed costs of production
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fall as long as output is increased
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If fixed costs do not change, then marginal cost...
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equals the change in variable cost divided by the change in output
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If four workers can produce 18 chairs a day and five can produce 20 chairs a day, the marginal product of the fifth worker is
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2 chairs
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Red stone creamery currently hires five workers. When it added a sixth worker, it's output actually fell. Which of the following statements is true?
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The marginal product of the sixth worker must be negative
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The law of diminishing marginal returns states
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that at some point, adding more of a VARIABLE input to a given amount of fixed input will cause the marginal product of the variable input to decline
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As a firm hires more labor in the short run, the
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extra output of another worker may rise at first, but eventually must fall.
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In the short run if marginal product is at its maximum then
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marginal cost is at its maximum
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When a firm produces 50,000 units of output, its total cost equals $6.5 million. When it increases its production to 70,000 units of output, its total cost increases to $9.4 million. Within this range, the marginal cost of an additional unit of output is
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$145
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If the 15th unit of output has a marginal cost of $29.50 and the average cost of producing 14 units of output is $30.23, what will happen to the average cost of production if the 15th unit is produced?
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Average cost will fall
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If diminishing marginal returns have already set in for Golden Lark Woodworks, and the marginal product of the 6th carpenter is 8 chairs, then the marginal product of the 7th carpenter is
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Less than 8 chairs
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If 11 workers can produce a total of 54 units of a product and a 12th worker has a marginal product of 6 units, then the average product of 12 workers is
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5 units.
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In the short run, marginal product of labor increases at first and then falls because
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there are fewer opportunities for division of labor and specialization when fewer workers are hired
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Who first analyzed the advantages of specialization and the division of labor?
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Adam Smith
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One reason why, in the short run, the marginal product of labor might increase initially as more workers are hired is that
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Specialization allows a worker to focus on one task, thereby increasing her proficiency at that task
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If we have information about workers' marginal products, then total and average product can be found by
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summing the marginal values to find the total and dividing it by the number of workers to get the average
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Which of the following is a factor of production that generally is fixed in the short run?
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a factory building
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Which of the following is an example of a long run adjustment?
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Wal-Mart builds another Supercenter
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Which of the following is the best example of a short run adjustment?
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Your local Wal-Mart hires two more associates
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If a producer is not able to expand its plant capacity immediately, it is
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operating in the short run
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Which of the following is a fixed cost?
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payment to hire a security worker to guard the gate to the factory around the clock
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Academic book publishers hire editors, designers, and production and marketing managers who help prepare books for publication. Because these employees work on several books simultaneously, the number of people the company hires will not go up and down with the quantity of books the company publishes during any particular year. The salaries and benefits of people in these job categories will be included in
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fixed cost and total cost but not variable cost.
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Economic costs of production differ from account costs in that
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economic costs add the opportunity costs of a firm using its own resources while accounting costs do not.
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Implicit costs can be defined as
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the non-monetary opportunity cost of using the firm's own resources.
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Which of the following is an implicit cost of production?
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rent that could have been earned on a building owned and used by the firm.
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Which of the following is an implicit cost of production?
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the salary you pay yourself for running your business.
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The explicit cost of production is also called
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accounting cost
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Which of the following are implicit costs for a typical firm
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the opportunity cost of capital owned and used by the firm
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Jayanthi moves her yoga studio from her home to a space she rents in Oakland, California. Holding everything else constant, as a result of this move
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her implicit cost falls and her explicit cost rises
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Which of the following would be categorized as an opportunity cost?
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not being able to spend your $10,000 savings if you sink the money in your business (A only)
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Golda Rush quit her job as a manager for Home Depot to start her own hair dressing salon, Goldilocks. She gave up a salary of $40,000 per year, invested her savings of $30,000 (which was earning 5 percent interest) and borrowed $10,000 from a close friend, agreeing to pay 5 percent interest per year. In her first year, Golda spent $18,000 to rent a salon, hired a part-time assistant for $12,000 and incurred another $15,000 on equipment and hairdressing material. Based on this information, what is the amount of her explicit costs?
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$45,500
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Golda Rush quit her job as a manager for Home Depot to start her own hair dressing salon, Goldilocks. She gave up a salary of $40,000 per year, invested her savings of $30,000 (which was earning 5 percent interest) and borrowed $10,000 from a close friend, agreeing to pay 5 percent interest per year. In her first year, Golda spent $18,000 to rent a salon, hired a part-time assistant for $12,000 and incurred another $15,000 on equipment and hairdressing material. Based on this information, what is the amount of her implicit costs?
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$41,500
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The production function shows
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the maximum output we can produce with varying combinations of factor inputs.
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The average cost of production
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equals the total cost of production divided by the level of output
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Vipsana's Gyros House sells gyros. The cost of ingredients (pita, meat, spices, etc.) to make a gyro is $2.00. Vipsana pays her employees $60 per day. She also incurs a fixed cost of $120 per day. Calculate Vipsana's total variable cost per day when she produces 50 gyros using two workers?
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$220
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Vipsana's Gyros House sells gyros. The cost of ingredients (pita, meat, spices, etc.) to make a gyro is $2.00. Vipsana pays her employees $60 per day. She also incurs a fixed cost of $120 per day. Calculate Vipsana's average fixed cost per day when she produces 50 gyros using two workers?
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$2.40
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Vipsana's Gyros House sells gyros. The cost of ingredients (pita, meat, spices, etc.) to make a gyro is $2.00. Vipsana pays her employees $60 per day. She also incurs a fixed cost of $120 per day. Calculate Vipsana's total cost per day when she produces 50 gyros using two workers?
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$340
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Vipsana's Gyros House sells gyros. The cost of ingredients (pita, meat, spices, etc.) to make a gyro is $2.00. Vipsana pays her employees $60 per day. She also incurs a fixed cost of $120 per day. What is Vipsana's total cost per day when she does not produce any gyros and does not hire any workers?
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$120
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Which of the following statements is correct?
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Economic profit takes into account all costs involved in producing a product.
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Which of the following describes a situation in which a good or service is produced at the lowest possible cost?
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productive efficiency
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What is productive efficiency?
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A situation in which resources are allocated such that goods can be produced at their lowest possible average cost.
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If the long run average cost curve is U shaped, the optimal scale of production from society's viewpoint is
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the minimum efficient scale
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Which of the following describes a situation in which every good or service is produced up to the point where the last unit provides a marginal benefit to consumers equal to the marginal cost of producing it?
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allocative efficiency
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A perfectly competitive industry achieves allocative efficiency because
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goods and services are produced up to the point where the last unit provides a marginal benefit to consumers equal to the marginal cost of producing it
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The law of diminishing marginal returns
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explains why the average total cost and marginal cost curves are U-shaped in the short run.