Chapter 8 Study Guide Sections 1-3

In Griffith's experiment, he mixed heat-killed S-strain bacteria with live, harmless bacteria from the R-strain. When this mixture was injected into mice, the mice _________________________.

Which bacteria killed the mice in Griffith's transformation experiment? live harmful bacteria and heat-killed, harmless bacteria live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmful bacteria live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmless bacteria live harmless bacteria, and live, harmful bacteria

Why did Hershey and Chase label the viral DNA with radioactive phosphorous and not radioactive sulfur? DNA contains sulfur and little phosphorous. DNA contains phosphorus and no sulfur. Proteins contain phosphorus and no sulfur. Proteins acids contain sulfur and little phosphorous.

What stores information in a cell? proteins carbohydrates lipids DNA

What happens when a piece of DNA is missing? Genetic information is lost. Genetic information is transmitted. Genetic information is copied. Genetic information is stored.

Match The experiment with the scientist A. This experiment was using mice to see which strain of pneumonia was the most deadly and discovered the process of transformation. B. This experiment was making viruses radioactive for both proteins and DNA, to see which one was put in the bacteria it was infecting it was found that it was radioactive DNA C. This experiment used the idea of transformation and broke down the molecules that people thought carried genetic information to see which one would cause transformation not to happen with when broken down. He found that it was DNA.

In what way is DNA like a book? DNA has information wrapped in an identifying cover. DNA has stored information, that can be copied and passed on. DNA has information that is periodically updated. DNA has information organized with an kind of index.

What did Avery conclude caused transformation? A lipid was the transforming factor. A protein was the transforming factor. A carbohydrate was the transforming factor. DNA was the transforming factor.

Griffith's experiments advanced the study of genetics by proving that genetic information can be passed from parents to their offspring during sexual reproduction. there is a chemical that contains genetic information that can be passed from one organism to another. bacteria can make people sick by infecting them with a chemical that contains genetic information. the bacteria that can make mice sick are the same bacteria that can be grown in culture dishes in a laboratory.

What is inside a bacteriophage? carbohydrate lipid protein nucleic acid

What are the three main roles of the DNA molecule?

When Griffith mixed heat-killed, harmful bacteria with live, harmless bacteria and injected the mixture into mice, the mice died.

Bacteriophages inject protein into bacteria, altering the bacteria's genetic information.

When scientists say that DNA transmits information, they mean that it passes information from one generation to the next. False True

How did Hershey and Chase prove that Avery and his team were correct, in that DNA is what carried genetic information?

What are the three parts of the nucleotide?

In figure 12-8, the percentage of thymine would be _________________________.

The structure labeled X in Figure 12-2 is a(an) _________________________.

The matching strand to the one in Figure 12-7, reading from the bottom up, would be _________________________.

The Watson and Crick model of DNA is a(an) _________________________, in which two strands are wound around each other.

_________________________ are weak bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together, but also allow the DNA to separate and replicate.

Figure 12-2 shows the structure of a RNA molecule. a DNA molecule. a protein. an amino acid

Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine molecules adenine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules. cytosine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of guanine molecules. adenine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of thymine molecules.

Which of the following best describes Rosalind Franklin's contribution to our understanding of the structure of DNA? She created many models of DNA based on what was known about its properties, and eventually figured out that the structure of DNA is a double helix. She isolated DNA from many different organisms, and discovered that in every sample, the amount of guanine was almost exactly equal to the amount of cytosine. She used radioactive phosphorus and sulfur to produce radioactive viruses, then allowed these viruses to infect bacteria. She found that DNA was the transforming material. She purified large amounts of DNA, stretched the fibers so the strands were parallel, and used an X-ray beam to produce an image of the molecule.

Which of the following statements correctly describes Chargaff's contribution to the study of DNA? Chargaff hypothesized that DNA was a double helix, but he did not produce the image that proved this fact. Chargaff showed that adenine and thymine were found in equal percentages in DNA, but he did not know this was because of base-pairing. Chargaff's experiments conclusively proved that DNA was made of nucleotides, but he could not show that there four types of nitrogenous bases. Chargaff's work proved that DNA could be made using radioactive nucleotides, but he did not show that DNA could be transferred from one organism to another.

Which scientist(s) figured out that the shape of a DNA molecule is a double helix? Griffith Hershey and Chase Watson and Crick Franklin

What is the chronological order of the important discoveries in the structure of DNA? Chargaff's ratios of nucleotides ® Watson and Crick identify the double helix ® Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA ® Chargaff's ratios of nucleotides ® Watson and Crick identify the double helix Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA ® Watson and Crick identify the double helix ® Chargaff's ratios of nucleotides Chargaff's ratios of nucleotides ® Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA ® Watson and Crick identify the double helix

How did Chargaff and Franklin help Watson and Crick discover the structure of DNA?

Which nucleotide goes with the other? Adenine Guanine Choices: Cytosine Thymine

DNA replication is carried out by a series of _________________________.

What happens during the replication of DNA?

DNA replication results in two DNA molecules each with one new strand and one original strand. one with two new strands and the other with two original strands. each with two original strands. each with two new strands.

During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases GATCCA. TCGAAC. GAUCCA. AGCTTG.

In Figure 12-5, what nucleotide is going to be added at point 1, opposite from thymine? guanine cytosine adenine thymine

In Figure 12-5, what is adding base pairs to the strand? nucleosomes chromatin DNA polymerase histones

In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, how many copies of the chromosome are left after replication? 1 2 3 4

In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, DNA replication happens in the nucleus. before cell division. only to telomeres. around the histones.

In eukaryotes, DNA replication proceeds in one direction along the DNA molecule. True False

How is DNA replication different in eukaryotes and prokaryotes? Give two ways.