ScienceComputer ScienceChapter 8 example #41121
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Chapter 8

Quiana Jones avatar Quiana Jones
24 July 2022
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Which of these statements about the National Crime Information Center (NCIC) is true?
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The NCIC databases contain about 40 million records.
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A computer used as a component of a larger system is called
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an embedded system.
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Computers that process data from sensors as events occur are called
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real-time systems
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The Patriot missile system
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was designed to shoot down airplanes, failed to shoot down a Scud missile that killed 28 U.S. soldiers in the Gulf War, failed because it had been left running too long, and failed because of a computer error.
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The Ariane 5 satellite launch vehicle failed because
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code that worked correctly on the Ariane 4 failed on the Ariane 5
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The AT&T long-distance network did not collapse entirely on January 15, 1990, because
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not all the routing switches had been converted to the latest software.
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The Mars Climate Orbiter crashed ont he surface of Mars becauase
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one program output thrust in terms of foot-pounds, and another program expected thrust to be expressed in terms of newtons.
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Which of these problems was not encountered by BAE as it tried to install on automated baggage handling system at Denver International Airport
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The system encountered all of these problems and more
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Mizuho Securities lost $225 million when
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one of its employees mistyped a sell order, and a bug in the Tokyo Stock Exchange trading program made it impossible to cancel the order
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Some computer experts have spoken out against the conversion to touch-screen voting machines becaue
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they do not have a paper audit trail
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By making the PDP 11 minicomputer an integral part of the Therac-25, AECL was able to
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reduce costs by replacing hardware safety features with software safety features
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What mistake was not made by AECL, the manufactureer of the Therac-25
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It continued to sell the Therac-25 after the FDA declared it ot be defective
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Computer simulations can
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save automobile manufacturers time and money as they develop new cars.
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The process of determining if a model is an accurate representation of the real system is called
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validation
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The discipline focused on the production of software, as well as the development of tools, methodologies, and theories supporting software production, is most accurately called
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software engineering
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A computer used as a component of a larger system is called an ______________ system.
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embedded
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Computers that process data from sensors as events occur are called ____________ systems.
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real-time
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During the Gulf War, the U.S. Army's____________ missile system failed to shoot down a Scud missile that killed 28 soldiers in Saudi Arabia.
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Patriot
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The Ariane 5 was a satellite launch vehicle designed by the_____________ space agency.
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French
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On the afternoon of January 15, 1990, the long distance network of ___________ suffered a significant disruption of service.
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AT&T
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In 1999 computer errors led to the loss of two NASA probes to _____________.
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Mars
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The inability of BAE Automated Systems to create an automated baggage handling system led to a significant delay in the opening of the new airport outside the city of ____________.
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Denver
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A software bug in a trading program at the _________ Stock Exchange caused a securities firm to lose $225 million in 2005.
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Tokyo
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To avoid a repeat of the problems plaguing the 2000 U.S. Presidential election, Congress passed the Help America Vote Act of 2002, providing states with money to replace _________________________.
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punch card voting systems
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Between 1985 and 1987 the _____________________ linear accelerator administered massive overdoses to six patients, causing the deaths of three of them.
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Therac-25
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The process of determining if a computer program correctly implements a mathematical model is called ____________________.
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verification
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Software engineers use a four-step process to develop a software product. These steps are called ___________, __________, ____________, and ____________.
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specification | development | validation | evolution.