Why does Mars appear fainter than Venus, as seen from Earth?
answer
because it is smaller, farther away and less reflective
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Compared with the Earth's orbit, the orbit of Mars
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is more eccentric.
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Mars has an axial tilt more like the Earth's than any other planet in our solar system. T/F
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True
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Mars undergoes seasons because of its eccentric orbit that carries it to widely different distances from the Sun, and because of its axial tilt which is similar to the Earth's. T/F
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True
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How long is a day on Mars?
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24 hours, 36 minutes
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How does the axial tilt of Mars compare with our own?
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It is almost identical to the Earth.
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Compared with Earth's diameter, the diameter of Mars is
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significantly smaller.
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Which is the correct size order, from smallest to largest?
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Mercury, Mars, Venus
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Unlike Earth, Mars' seasons are affected (enhanced and diminished) by the distance between Mars and the Sun. This is because:
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the orbit of Mars is significantly more elliptical.
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What physical feature of Mars is atypical compared with the other terrestrial planets?
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its density
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The density of Mars is very similar to that of the other terrestrial planets. T/F
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False
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Because of its axial tilt and more elliptical orbit, Mars's polar caps change size even more than do the Earth's. T/F
answer
True
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What causes the changing dark and light features visible on the Martian surface from Earth?
answer
highly cratered and eroded areas that are frequently covered and uncovered by dust
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Why are Mars's seasons more extreme than those of the Earth?
answer
Mars's weather is driven by evaporation from the polar ice in its summer.
Mars's seas dried up long ago.
Mars's axial tilt is slightly more than our 23.5 degrees.
Mars's orbit is more eccentric than our almost circular one.
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The most prominent feature of Mars observable from Earth is:
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its bright polar caps.
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The largest difference between Mars's northern and southern hemispheres is that:
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the southern appears older, with more impact craters.
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The low surface gravity helps Martian volcanoes grow to great heights. T/F
answer
True
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The largest shield volcano yet discovered is:
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Olympus Mons on Mars.
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The Tharsis Bulge on Mars is roughly the size of:
answer
North America.
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The polar caps and dust storms of Mars can be seen with Earth-based amateur telescopes. T/F
answer
True
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Why is the southern hemisphere of Mars believed to be older than the northern?
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The southern hemisphere is more heavily cratered.
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Which of the following characterizes a shield volcano?
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It sits above a hot spot in the planet's mantle.
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What property of Mars is responsible for producing the great heights of its volcanoes?
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Its thick crust can support larger peaks, and lower surface gravity does not pull them down as much as on Earth.
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What is thought to be the reason that there are no small impact craters on Mars?
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The wind blows small dust particles, eroding the surface of Mars, erasing small impact craters faster than they can form.
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Valles Marineris is the most striking example of a(n):
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rift valley.
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The deepest depression found on the surface of Mars is the:
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Hellas Basin of Mars.
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Olympus Mons and Maxwell Mons are both:
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shield volcanoes
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The largest and deepest impact basin found on Mars is:
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Hellas
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Where is most of the water on Mars believed to be?
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Almost all of the water on Mars exists as ice. It is visible at the north polar ice cap. There is also water ice present under the carbon dioxide ice cap at the south pole.
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The seasonal polar caps on Mars, which grow and shrink over the year, are primarily carbon dioxide. T/F
answer
True
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Evidence of liquid water in Mars's distant past suggests that it had a substantial atmosphere compared to what it has presently. What happened to its water vapor?
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The water vapor has frozen out into the polar ice caps and permafrost as Mars has cooled.
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The atmosphere of Mars is composed of mostly carbon dioxide along with some nitrogen. T/F
answer
True
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The main constituent of the Martian atmosphere is:
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carbon dioxide.
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Venus and Mars probably evolved differently from Earth because:
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they orbit at different distances from the Sun.
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Compare the atmospheres of Mars and Venus.
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Both are chiefly carbon dioxide, but at Mars it can freeze as dry ice.
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While the red color of the Martian surface testifies to the presence of lots of iron, the weak magnetic field suggests it may not have a molten core anymore. T/F
answer
True
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Rank these magnetic fields, from weakest to strongest.
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Venus, Mars, Mercury, Earth
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Mars' magnetic field is so weak because:
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its core contains less iron than our own.
it core may no longer be molten.
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How many moons does Mars have?
answer
two
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What piece of evidence suggests that the Martian moons did NOT form with Mars?
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Their composition is significantly different from Mars and the terrestrial planets.
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