Which of the following is part of the body's initial response to hypovolemic shock?
A.
Peripheral vasoconstriction.
B.
Peripheral vasodilation.
C.
Bradycardia.
D.
Bradypnea.
answer
A.
Peripheral vasoconstriction.
question
Vomiting is a:
A.
cause of dehydration.
B.
sign of hypoxia.
C.
result of dehydration.
D.
cause of sepsis.
answer
A.
cause of dehydration.
question
What is the normal minute volume in the adult male?
A.
12,000 to 14,000 ml.
B.
5,000 to 6,000 ml.
C.
250 to 500 ml.
D.
3,000 to 4,000 ml.
answer
B.
5,000 to 6,000 ml.
question
What can be caused by a V/Q mismatch?
A.
Hyperglycemia.
B.
Bradycardia.
C.
Shock.
D.
Improved oxygenation.
answer
C.
Shock.
question
Which of the following is most likely to lead to dehydration?
A.
Bradycardia
B.
Drowning
C.
Aerobic activity
D.
Vomiting
answer
D.
Vomiting
question
The volume of air that is breathed in and out with each breath is called the:
A.
tidal volume.
B.
alveolar volume.
C.
minute volume.
D.
dead space.
answer
A.
tidal volume.
question
What is the effect of oxygen in the body?
A.
It allows the continuation of aerobic metabolism.
B.
It causes hemoglobin to take on a bluish coloration.
C.
It is the primary stimulus to breath.
D.
It increases the action of anaerobic metabolism.
answer
A.
It allows the continuation of aerobic metabolism.
question
Which of the following is a likely cause of distributive shock?
A.
Heart attack
B.
Burn injury
C.
Collapsed lung
D.
Severe allergic reaction
answer
D.
Severe allergic reaction
question
What is the term for the cellular function of converting glucose into energy (ATP)?
A.
Anabolism
B.
Hydrostatic pressure
C.
Minute volume
D.
Metabolism
answer
D.
Metabolism
question
Which of the following would most likely lead to shock?
A.
Diarrhea
B.
Headache
C.
Hypertension
D.
Tachycardia
answer
A.
Diarrhea
question
What generates the force that results in hydrostatic pressure?
A.
The effects of large proteins in the blood
B.
Contraction of the left ventricle
C.
Gravity flow of venous blood from the brain and upper extremities
D.
Blood flow through the lungs during breathing
answer
B.
Contraction of the left ventricle
Rationale
Hydrostatic pressure is the force inside the vessel or capillary bed generated by the contraction of the heart and the blood pressure. Hydrostatic pressure exerts a "push" inside the vessel or capillary. That is, it wants to push fluid out of the vessel or capillary, through the vessel wall, and into the interstitial space.
question
A disruption of the body's fluid balance due to dehydration would most likely cause:
A.
neurogenic shock
B.
anaphylactic shock
C.
hypovolemic shock
D.
cardiogenic shock
answer
C.
hypovolemic shock
Rationale
Substantial fluid loss can lead to hypovolemic shock. Dehydration is a common cause of hypovolemic shock.
question
Which of the following is most likely a sign of nervous system impairment?
A.
An elevated blood glucose level
B.
Equal and reactive pupils
C.
Loss of sensation on one side of the body
D.
Increased urinary output
Rationale
Loss of sensation (sometimes limited to one side or area of the body) is a sign of possible nervous system impairment.
answer
C.
Loss of sensation on one side of the body
Rationale
Loss of sensation (sometimes limited to one side or area of the body) is a sign of possible nervous system impairment.
question
If your patient has a severe burn injury, you should suspect:
A.
decreased respirations.
B.
hypertension.
C.
fluid loss.
D.
increased urinary output.
answer
C.
fluid loss.
Rationale
Severe burns are typically associated with massive fluid loss and hypovolemic shock.
question
correct, Post Test 7.7.1
If your patient were in shock but her body's responses were able to maintain adequate perfusion, the patient would be in:
A.
decompensated shock.
B.
compensated shock.
C.
irreversible shock.
D.
progressive shock.
answer
B.
compensated shock.
Rationale
When the body is able to maintain adequate perfusion during shock, it is known as compensated shock.
question
If the patient experiences a drop in the respiratory rate as a result of a drug overdose, what will be the effect on the patient's minute volume?
A.
There will be no change in the minute volume.
B.
The minute volume will decrease.
C.
The minute volume will increase.
D.
The minute volume will initially increase, then drop.
answer
B.
The minute volume will decrease.
Rationale
A decrease in frequency of ventilation will decrease the minute volume. If the drop in the rate is too severe, the patient will hypoventilate and become hypoxic.
question
Shock due to uncontrolled dilation of the blood vessels is most likely caused by:
A.
damage to the lungs.
B.
severe bleeding.
C.
a heart attack.
D.
spinal cord injury.
answer
D.
spinal cord injury.
Rationale
Distributive shock is often caused by spinal cord injury and results from uncontrolled widespread vasodilation
question
A cell's internally created fuel that is responsible for powering all the other cellular functions is:
A.
ACL.
B.
ATP.
C.
AMP.
D.
ADP.
answer
B.
ATP.
Rationale
ATP is responsible for powering all the other cellular functions.
question
Sepsis is caused by:
A.
a severe systemic infection.
B.
injury to the central nervous system.
C.
loss of fluid volume.
D.
poor cardiac function.
answer
A.
a severe systemic infection.
Rationale
Sepsis is a form of shock caused by severe systemic infection.
question
Which of the following would MOST likely have a negative effect on the V/Q ratio?
A.
Minute volume problems
B.
Endocrine gland problems
C.
Kidney dysfunction
D.
Increased heart rate
Rationale
Of the choices listed, an abnormal minute volume would most likely have a negative impact on the V/Q ratio
answer
A.
Minute volume problems
Rationale
Of the choices listed, an abnormal minute volume would most likely have a negative impact on the V/Q ratio
question
When the alveoli are supplied with enough air and the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, this is known as a:
A.
V/Q match.
B.
Fick principle.
C.
V/Q mismatch.
D.
Starling's law.
answer
A.
V/Q match.
Rationale
When the alveoli are supplied with enough air that the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, this is known as a ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) match.
question
In the absence of oxygen at the cellular level, what happens to ATP production?
A.
It decreases.
B.
It increases.
C.
It stops.
D.
It stays the same.
Rationale
In the absence of oxygen aerobic metabolism stops leaving only anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis). This inefficient form of cellular respiration yields lower amounts of ATP and more wastes and acids.
answer
A.
It decreases.
Rationale
In the absence of oxygen aerobic metabolism stops leaving only anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis). This inefficient form of cellular respiration yields lower amounts of ATP and more wastes and acids.
question
Loss of sensation and paralysis are indications of possible:
A.
neurological impairment.
B.
lung damage.
C.
cardiac dysfunction.
D.
severe infection.
answer
A.
neurological impairment.
Rationale
Loss of sensation and paralysis together may indicate a possible neurological condition.
question
What type of shock may be caused by hemorrhage or dehydration?
A.
Distributive shock.
B.
Hypovolemic shock.
C.
Obstructive shock.
D.
Cardiogenic shock.
answer
B.
Hypovolemic shock.
Rationale
Shock due to low volume, such as heavy bleeding or dehydration, is called hypovolemic shock
question
An exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance is called:
A.
apoptosis.
B.
hypersensitivity.
C.
cell-mediated immunity.
D.
humoral immunity.
answer
B.
hypersensitivity.
Rationale
Hypersensitivity is an exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance.
question
Which of the following is a sign that a patient's nervous system has become impaired?
A.
Ability to stick out the tongue
B.
Excessive strength
C.
Weakness on one side of the body
D.
Ability to raise either leg on command
answer
C.
Weakness on one side of the body
Rationale
Weakness, often on one side of the body, is a sign of nervous system impairment.
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