Chapter 1 Mastering Microbiology

Which of the following are FALSE concerning microbes? Microbes generate oxygen through photosynthesis. The primary role of microbes on the planet involves causing disease in animals and humans. Microbes produce vitamins in the intestines. Microbes play a role in breaking down waste and decomposing dead organisms.

How was disproving spontaneous generation associated with developing principles important to microbiology? Pasteur's experiments with swan-necked flasks supported the concept that microbes in the air were responsible for contaminating nonliving matter. Spallanzani disproved spontaneous generation through his experiment, in which flasks of meat broth were boiled and then melted shut, preventing the passage of air altogether. Needham disproved spontaneous generation through his experiments, in which boiled flasks of broth, when covered, became cloudy, teeming with microorganisms after a few days. Proving spontaneous generation confirmed the existence of microbes.

Which of the following represents the correct format for the scientific name? STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus Aureus

Which of the following matches the organisms described with the correct domain? Archaea--multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that do not have cell walls Bacteria--unicellular, eukaryotic organisms that always lack cell walls Eukarya--single-celled and multicellular organisms, with a defined nucleus and a variety of nutritional sources Bacteria--unicellular, eukaryotic organisms with cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan

The observations of Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek documenting the existence of microscopic cells formed the basis of what important theory? the theory of spontaneous generation, which held that life forms could arise spontaneously the cell theory stating that all living things are composed of cells the theory of chemotherapy, or use of antimicrobials to destroy pathogenic organisms the germ theory of disease and causative agents

A disease breaks out among sheep in California. A scientist takes blood from the sheep and grows a previously unknown organism. That organism is then injected into a healthy sheep. The healthy sheep becomes sick with the same symptoms as the original sheep and dies. That sheep's blood is then cultured, and the original organism is isolated. This applies the principles of __________. spontaneous generation vaccination epidemiology Koch's postulates

Which of the following is true about antibiotics? In some cases, antibiotics are able to kill pathogenic microbes without harming human cells. Although some antibiotic resistance has been reported, it is not considered a real problem in medicine today. Antibiotics are effective against viruses. Antibiotics are unaffected by enzymes.

Which of the following is true of microbes? Microbes create pollutants and toxins that harm the environment. All bacterial enzymes are harmful to humans and the environment. Ninety-nine percent of all microbes are pathogenic. Gene expression in bacteria is very similar to gene expression in humans, which facilitates the use of bacteria in recombinant biotechnology and gene therapy.

All of the following factors contribute to the threat of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) EXCEPT __________. evolutionary changes to existing organisms through genetic changes increased human exposure to new, unusual infectious agents in areas that are undergoing ecological changes, such as deforestation and construction spread of known diseases to new geographic regions or populations by modern transportation vaccinations that control epidemiologic spread