Bio Chapter 13

Part complete Imagine that a new population of humans is established on a new planet from ten randomly selected people in your biology class. Over thousands of years, the descendants of those ten people reproduce and prosper, but do not reflect well the diversity of humans on Earth. This change in the diversity of people on the new planet is an example of _____. the bottleneck effect genetic drift the founder effect gene flow

In evolutionary terms, an organism's Darwinian fitness is measured by its __________. View Available Hint(s) mutation rate health genetic variability contribution to the gene pool of the next generation

The population of American bison used to number in the millions of animals. Hunting and other problems greatly decreased the number of bison to about 1,000 animals. Today, the numbers are recovering to estimates of more than 200,000 animals. This crash in the population of bison and recent recovery is an example of __________. the founder effect the bottleneck effect gene flow genetic drift

Which of the following examples results from stabilizing selection? - The birth weight at which newborn humans are most likely to survive and the average weight of newborn humans are about the same. - There is an increase in antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. - Garter snakes with different coloration patterns behave differently when threatened. - There is an increase in the number of different breeds of dog.

Which of the following is most likely to decrease genetic variation? stabilizing selection diversifying selection mutation directional selection

What does evolutionary fitness measure? relative reproductive success population size longevity physical health

The founder effect differs from a population bottleneck in that the founder effect ________. is a type of natural selection can occur only on an oceanic island colony involves the isolation of a small colony of individuals from a larger population requires a small population

Which one of the following will prevent significant genetic drift? Gene flow is absent. The population size is large. There is genetic variation. There is mutation.

Genetic drift is the result of ________. environmental variation chance a large gene pool natural selection

When most populations of a wide-ranging amphibian species are lost and the few remaining populations are widely separated, we expect to see that ________. - microevolution no longer occurs - the founder effect becomes increasingly important - gene flow between populations is reduced - artificial selection becomes a greater factor in microevolution

There is a group of small fish living in a lake with a sandy bottom. Most of the fish are light brown, but about 10% are mottled. These fish are normally prey for large birds that live on the shore. A construction company dumps a load of gravel in the bottom of the lake, giving it a mottled appearance. Which of these statements presents the most accurate prediction? - As the mottled fish are eaten, more will be produced to fill the gap. - In two generations, all the fish will be mottled. - There is no way to guess the result. - The proportion of mottled fish will increase over time.

Which of the following is an example of sexual selection? Peahens choose to mate with peacocks that have the most beautiful tails. Female butterflies have a higher survival rate than male butterflies. Bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics. Cheetahs experienced a population bottleneck.

The original source of genetic variation that serves as the raw material for natural selection is ________. gene flow mutation geographic isolation random fertilization

The total collection of alleles in a population at any one time makes up that population's ________. allele frequency heterozygote frequency genotype gene pool

Part complete Which one of the following can create new alleles? mutation sexual reproduction genetic drift natural selection

Chytridiomycosis is a fungal disease first identified in 1998 as a cause of massive amphibian deaths. In some severely impacted populations, a few individuals have survived, perhaps because of some natural resistance. If these resistant individuals continue to survive and prosper, new resistant populations might emerge. This would be an example of ________. natural selection the founder effect genetic drift sexual selection

Which of the following is an example of natural selection that has been seen in our lifetime? a rise in the incidence of malaria the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria the rise of the domain Archaea the rise of different feeding habits in different species of finches

Which of the following is the study of the geographic distribution of species on Earth? comparative embryology paleontology biogeography comparative anatomy

Which one of the following statements is TRUE? Natural selection works on nonheritable traits. Individuals evolve through natural selection. Natural selection works on variation already present in a population. Individual organisms evolve structures that they need.

Blue poppies native to China are grown at a plant-breeding center in California. Those with the thickest leaves survive and reproduce best in California's drier climate. This evolutionary adaptation of the poppies to their new environment is due to __________. stabilizing selection neutral variation genetic drift directional selection

Natural selection generally results in ________. a population that is better adapted to a future environment an increase in the size of a population increased genetic variation a population that is adapted to its current environment

In The Origin of Species, Darwin argued that the mechanism of descent with modification was ________. natural selection uniformitarianism artificial selection inheritance of acquired characteristics

The figure below shows what happens in insect populations when crops are sprayed with insecticides. This is an example of ________. genetic drift founder effect gene flow natural selection

The evolution of populations due to chance is genetic drift. gene flow. natural selection. genetic variation. has more effect in large populations than in small populations.

Part complete A challenge to traditional (pre-1860) ideas about species came from embryology, where it was discovered that __________. the more advanced the animal, the more slowly it develops mutations have a far more dramatic effect on embryos than on adult organisms all animals develop similar embryonic gills embryos of dissimilar organisms, such as sharks and humans, resemble each other

Part complete The study of comparative anatomy __________. provides information about the evolutionary history of species is based on the genetic language of DNA and RNA supports the idea of fixed species looks at early stages of development in different animal species

Part complete The similarity of the embryos of fish, frogs, birds, and humans is evidence of ________. common ancestry decreased genetic variation analogy genetic drift

Which of the following are homologous? the forelimb of a dog and the forelimb of a cat the mouth of a mosquito and the beak of a hummingbird wings of a butterfly and wings of a sparrow the forelimb of a dog and the hindlimb of a cat

Homology is evidence of ________. artificial selection natural selection common ancestry binomial classification

Part complete Which of the following is a component of the fossil record? bones of extinct whales the similarity of the forelimbs of cats and bats molecular sequences the distribution of murid rodents in Australia and Asia

Examine the evolutionary tree below. This tree tells us that the amnion is found in ________. amphibians only mammals, lizards, snakes, crocodiles, and birds mammals, lizards, and snakes only lungfishes and amphibians

Examine the relationships between the elephants in the figure below. Which one of the following pairs is most closely related? Barytherium and Stegodon Mammut and Stegodon Deinotherium and Platybelodon Loxodonta africana and Loxodonta cyclotis

A process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other characteristics is called _____. descent with modification evolutionary adaptation evolution natural selection

During his trip on the Beagle, Darwin found that ________. plants and animals living on a continent seemed more closely related to each other than to plants and animals living in similar regions on other continents plants and animals living in temperate regions were most similar to each other, regardless of the continent on which they were found plants and animals were similar on every continent and in every type of region fossils found on a particular continent were clearly not related to the plants and animals living on that continent today

Natural selection ________. is a very rare phenomenon prepares organisms for future changes in the environment does not affect allelic frequencies results in evolutionary adaptation

Natural selection can be defined as ________. the evolution of a population of organisms a process in which changes in gene frequencies result from evolution a process in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other traits the production of more offspring than can survive in a given environment

Part complete Organisms from the same phylum all belong to the same __________. View Available Hint(s) class order kingdom family

Part complete Which of the following is the most recent example of an evolutionary change in populations? the genetic differences among the various human populations on Earth the occurrence of many different breeds of dogs the presence of long generation times in organisms the development of pesticide-resistant insects

Part complete The common house mouse species, Mus musculus, has the following taxonomic classification: Mus, Muridae, Rodentia, Mammalia, Chordata, Animalia, Eukarya. Which part of the name is the Family? Animalia Muridae Rodentia Chordata

Color is an inherited trait in beetles. If brown beetles move into a population from a nearby island, which of the following statements is correct? - Natural selection causes the frequency of the green allele to increase. - This is an example of genetic drift. - Gene flow causes the frequency of the brown allele to increase. - Natural selection causes the frequency of the brown allele to increase. - Gene flow causes the frequency of the green allele to increase.