Bio 203 Exam 4 Questions

The figure above shows a simple metabolic pathway. According to Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis, how many genes are necessary for this pathway?

What amino acid sequence will be generated, based on the following mRNA codon sequence?

Which of the following is directly related to a single amino acid? the amino acetyl tRNA synthase

In the process of transcription....

What does it mean when we say the genetic code is redundant?

Codons are three-base sequences that specify the addition of a single amino acid. How do eukaryotic codons and prokaryotic codons compare?

Which of the following occurs in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes?

The flow of information in a cell proceeds in what sequence?

A codon consists of _____ bases and specifies which _____ will be inserted into the polypeptide chain.

Codons are part of the molecular structure of _____.

Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following in addition to RNA polymerase?

What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the

Which of the following is the first event to take place in translation in eukaryotes?

A signal peptide _____.

tRNA Anticodon Amino Acid GGC Proline CGU Alanine UGC Threonine CCG Glycine ACG Cysteine CGG Alanine The anticodon loop of the first tRNA that will complement this mRNA is?

During elongation, which site in the ribosome represents the location where a codon is being read?

Post-translational modifications of proteins may include the _____.

What is the effect of a nonsense mutation in a gene?

Which of the following types of mutation, resulting in an error in the mRNA just after the AUG start of translation, is likely to have the most serious effect on the polypeptide product?

Of the following, which is the most current description of a gene?

Which of the following molecules are produced by transcription?

Which of the following molecules is/are produced by translation? Include molecules that are subject to further modification after initial synthesis.

Which of the following is a protein produced by a regulatory gene?

A mutation that inactivates a regulatory gene of a repressible operon in an E. coli cell would result in _____.

The trp repressor blocks transcription of the trp operon when the repressor _____.

CAP is said to be responsible for positive regulation of the lac operon because _____.

The lac operon is most likely to be transcribed when

Imagine that you've isolated a yeast mutant that contains histones resistant to acetylation. What phenotype do you predict for this mutant?

The reason for differences in the sets of proteins expressed in a nerve and a pancreatic cell of the same individual is that nerve and pancreatic cells contain different _____.

DNA methylation and histone acetylation are examples of _____.

Which of the following is most likely to have a small protein called ubiquitin attached to it?

DNA methylation is a mechanism used by eukaryotes to do what?

The phenomenon in which RNA molecules in a cell are destroyed if they have a sequence complementary to an introduced double-stranded RNA is called _____.

Among the newly discovered small noncoding RNAs, one type reestablishes methylation patterns during gamete formation and blocks expression of some transposons. These are known as _____.

The fact that plants can be cloned from somatic cells demonstrates that _____.

If a Drosophila female has a homozygous mutation for a maternal effect gene, _____.

Which statement(s) about inducible operons is/are correct?

Which of the following is a protein produced by a regulatory gene?

For a repressible operon to be transcribed, which of the following must occur?

There is a mutation in the repressor that results in a molecule known as a super-repressor because it represses the lac operon permanently. Which of these would characterize such a mutant?

Suppose an experimenter becomes proficient with a technique that allows her to move DNA sequences within a prokaryotic genome. If she moves the operator to the far end of the operon, past the transacetylase (lacA) gene, which of the following would likely occur when the cell is exposed to lactose?

Which of the following supports the argument that viruses are nonliving?

A lack of which molecule would result in a cell's inability to "turn off" genes?

What is the main structural difference between enveloped and nonenveloped viruses?

The nucleic acid of a virus particle is enclosed in a protein coat. What is it called?

The host range of a virus is determined by _____.

In many ways, the regulation of the genes of a particular group of viruses will be similar to the regulation of the host genes. Therefore, which of the following would you expect of the genes of a bacteriophage?

Which of the following statements describes the lysogenic cycle of lambda (λ) phage?

Which viruses have single-stranded RNA that acts as a template for DNA synthesis?

Some viruses can be crystallized and their structures analyzed. One such virus is yellow mottle virus, which infects beans. This virus has a single-stranded RNA genome containing about 6300 nucleotides. Its capsid is 25-30 nm in diameter and contains 180 identical capsomeres. If the yellow mottle virus begins its infection of a cell by using its genome as mRNA, which of the following would you expect to be able to measure?

The virus genome and viral proteins are assembled into virions (virus particles) during _____.

HIV is inactivated in the laboratory after a few minutes of sitting at room temperature, but the flu virus is still active after sitting for several hours. What are the practical consequences of these findings?

Which of the following human diseases is caused by a virus that requires reverse transcriptase to transcribe its genome inside the host cell?

Why are retroviruses considered a special class of viruses?

A researcher lyses a cell that contains nucleic acid molecules and capsomeres of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The cell contents are left in a covered test tube overnight. The next day this mixture is sprayed on tobacco plants. We expect that the plants would _____.

Which of the following can be effective in preventing the onset of viral infection in humans?

How does a virus differ from a bacterium?

Why is it ineffective to treat viral disease with antibiotics?

What is the most logical sequence of steps for splicing foreign DNA into a plasmid and inserting the plasmid into a bacterium? I. Transform bacteria with a recombinant DNA molecule. II. Cut the plasmid DNA using restriction enzymes (endonucleases). III. Extract plasmid DNA from bacterial cells. IV. Hydrogen-bond the plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA fragments. V. Use ligase to seal plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA.

To introduce a particular piece of DNA into an animal cell, such as that of a mouse, you would most likely be successful with which of the following methods?

Pax-6 is a gene that is involved in eye formation in many invertebrates, such as Drosophila. Pax-6 is also found in vertebrates. APax-6 gene from a mouse can be expressed in a fly and the protein (PAX-6) leads to a compound fly eye. This information suggests which of the following?

A laboratory might use dideoxyribonucleotides to _____.