Anatomy Chapter 2

Microtubule arrays around centrosomes.

These structures act as focal points for the appearence of the mitotic spindle

DNA containing structures which condense during prophase.

These RNA structures disappear when chromosomes appear.

Structures containing DNA only visible during mitosis and first seen in prophase.

Which is representative of early prophase? A: The cell membrane dissolves. B: Chromosomes condense as sister chromatid pairs. C:The chromatids separate at the centromere. D: The chromatids return to chromatin form.

Which is a representative of late prophase? A: Chromosomes begin to condense as bar-like shapes. B: Attachment of chromatid pairs to spindle microtubules. C:Disappearance of nuclear envelope and migration of nucleoli to poles of cell. D:Centrosomes begin to separate

Which phrase below correctly describes metaphase? A: Centrosomes are attached at the metaphase plate B: Sister chromatids are aligned at the metaphase plate C:The centromeres are positioned continually along the spindle D:The chromosomes in a sister chromatid begin to separate from one another

Select the correct activity occurring during anaphase. A: Chromatid pairs are move towards opposite poles of the cell. B: Chromosomes move towards opposite poles of the cell. C: Pairs of sister chromatids split from one another. D: Pairs of sister chromatids are clustered near the midline of the cell.

Which is true regarding cytokinesis? A: The cytokinesis cleavage furrow is made by the mitosis spindle. B:Cytokinesis usually begins in anaphase. C: The pinching in of the cytoplasm and cleavage furrow begins and ends after telophase is totally finished. D: Cytokinesis always begins and ends in telophase.

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane? A: It provides a complete barrier to all water-soluble proteins, but not fat-soluble proteins. B: It does not allow material to be transported outside the cell. C: It acts as a receptor to bind specific molecules arriving from outside the cell. D: It provides a complete barrier to all fat-soluble proteins, but not water-soluble proteins.

__________ is the substance that makes the plasma membrane more rigid and less permeable to water and water-soluble molecules.

The role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is to __________. A: fuse with phagosomes; empty their own enzymes into vesicles and digest their contents B: produce steroid hormones and aid in drug detoxification C: pull organelles along through the cytoplasm D: manufacture ribosomal subunits E: manufacture proteins for intracellular and extracellular functions

Organelles are moved within the cytoplasm by being pulled along microtubules by the motor proteins __________ and __________. A: actin; myosin B: glycosomes; lysosomes C: dyneins; kinesins D: DNA; RNA E: rough ER; smooth ER

The outer membrane of the nuclear envelope __________. A: is continuous with smooth ER in the cytoplasm B: forms from smooth ER after every cell division C: is lined by protein filaments that maintain the shape of the nucleus D: is a specialized part of the rough ER

In which phase of mitosis do spindle fibers, moved by motor proteins, pull chromosomes toward opposite poles? A: prophase B: telophase C: anaphase D: metaphase

__________ is an enzyme that prevents telomeres from degrading by adding more repeating DNA to the ends.

The plasma membrane is important for all the following reasons except A: it separates the ECF from the ICF. B: it determines what substances enter and exit the cell. C: it acts as a site for cell-to-cell interaction and recognition. D: it is an important site for DNA transcription.

The plasma membrane is A: a single-layered membrane enclosing the plasma. B: the membrane surrounding the cell. C: a single-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell. D: a membrane composed of tiny shelves or cristae.

This organelle is involved in production of cellular energy. A: Golgi apparatus B: lysosome C rough endoplasmic reticulum D: mitochondria E: peroxisome

This membranous organelle is the site of protein synthesis for proteins that are secreted by the cell. A: Golgi apparatus B: lysosome C: rough endoplasmic reticulum D: mitochondria E: peroxisome

This organelle detoxifies a number of toxic substances. A: Golgi apparatus B: lysosome C: rough endoplasmic reticulum D: mitochondria E: peroxisome

This organelle primarily modifies products from the rough ER, and it resembles a stack of hollow saucers, one cupped inside the next. A: Golgi apparatus B: lysosome C: rough endoplasmic reticulum D: mitochondria E: peroxisome

This organelle is primarily a sac of powerful digestive enzymes called acid hydrolases. A: Golgi apparatus B: lysosome C: rough endoplasmic reticulum D: mitochondria E: peroxisome

This organelle produces ATP molecules. A: Golgi apparatus B: lysosome C: rough endoplasmic reticulum D: mitochondria E: peroxisome

Which of the following is associated with protein synthesis? A: mitochondria B: ribosomes C: smooth endoplasmic reticulum D: chloroplasts

Peroxisomes A: are the toxic waste removal system of the cell. B: synthesize proteins for use outside the cell. C: contain some of the code necessary for their own duplication. D: are involved in the production of ATP.

Which organelle works with the rough ER to package and ship new proteins to appropriate sites within the cell or for sectioning out of the cell? A: smooth endoplasmic reticulum B: Golgi apparatus C: Mitochondria D: Ribosomes

The control center for the cell, which is responsible for transmitting genetic information and providing instructions for protein synthesis, is the __________.

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA duplication, or replication, take place? A: Interphase B: Metaphase C: Prophase D: Anaphase

When a double helix of DNA is replicated, two complete helices are formed. Together, these helices are called sister __________. A: chromatids B: centromeres C: telomeres D: chromosomes

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell? A: Anaphase B: Telophase C: Metaphase D: Prophase

During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids move apart? A: Anaphase B: Metaphase C: Telophase D: Prophase

During which phase of mitosis do nuclear envelopes and the nucleoli reappear? A: Prophase B: Metaphase C: Anaphase D: Telophase

During which phase of mitosis do the nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear? A: Metaphase B: Prophase C: Telophase D: Anaphase

What is the name of the process by which the cytoplasm divides in two? A: Cytokinesis B: Cytoplasmic streaming C: Segregation D: Microtubule shortening

What is the role of checkpoint 1 in the cell cycle? A: It ensures that mitochondria are manufacturing ATP. B: It assesses cell size before DNA synthesis. C: It assesses the probability of daughter cells becoming diseased. D: It checks for DNA damage and accuracy of replication. E: It ensures that the cell will undergo mitosis.

Mitosis refers only to nuclear division. Separation of the entire cell following mitosis is A: karyokinesis. B: cytokinesis. C: meiosis.

In the cell life cycle, DNA is replicated during A: prophase II. B: prophase I. C: interphase S. D: interphase G1

During the S phase, cells are characterized by rapid growth. A: True B: False

During the G1 phase, DNA is replicated in the cytoplasm. A: True B: False

Cytokinesis is the physical division of the cytoplasm between the two newly formed cells that result from mitosis. A: True B: False