Chapter 9

23 August 2022
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According to your textbook, how well a speech is organized likely will influence
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a. how clearly the audience understands the speech. b. how the audience views the competence of the speaker. c. how confident the speaker feels about his or her delivery.
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The is the longest and most important part of the speech.
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body
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According to your textbook, what is the most important reason for limiting the number of main points in a speech?
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It is hard for the audience to keep track of too many main points.
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The most effective order of main points in a speech depends above all on your topic, purpose, and
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audience
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Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience how to start an online business"?
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chronological
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What organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience about three major ways to block junk mail from their e-mail system"?
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topical
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When the main points of a speech follow a time pattern, they are organized in
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chronological order.
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Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose, "To inform my audience how to set up an online banking system to pay your bills"?
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chronological
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Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To persuade my audience to support stricter drug testing for Olympic athletes"?
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problem-solution
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Here are the main points for a speech about the major steps involved in a successful job interview: I. The first step is preparing for the interview before it takes place. II. The second step is presenting yourself well during the interview itself. III. The third step is following up after the interview. These main points are arranged in order.
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chronological
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Here are the main points for a speech explaining the reasons for the current shortage of teachers. I. Teachers are leaving the profession because of low pay. II. Teachers are leaving the profession because of excessive bureaucracy. III. Teachers are leaving the profession because of inadequate facilities. These main points are arranged in order.
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topical
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Here are the main points for a speech about the methods used by Feng Shui consultants.
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topical
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Here are the main points for an informative speech about the history of chocolate: I. Chocolate was originally used in Mexico as a drink by the Aztecs. II. Chocolate was introduced to Europe after the Spanish conquered the Aztecs. III. Chocolate was first made into candy during the 1800s. IV. Chocolate's popularity and uses continue to expand today. These main points are arranged in order.
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chronological
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Here are the main points for an informative speech about the process of drying and storing garden herbs. I. The first step is to prepare the herbs for drying by rinsing and gathering stems together. II. The second step is to hang the herb bunches upside down in a dry place. III. The third step is to strip the dried leaves and store the herbs properly. These main points are arranged in order.
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chronological
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15. Here are the main points for an informative speech about the civil rights movement. I. The 1954 Supreme Court decision in Brown vs. Board of Education marked the beginning of the modern civil rights movement. II. In 1963 peaceful protests and violent police responses in Birmingham, Alabama, dramatically increased support for the civil rights movement. III. In 1965 the Voting Rights Act was passed, marking the major legislative achievement of the civil rights movement. These main points are arranged in order.
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chronological
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16. Which organizational pattern would be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience about the major steps in setting up a home aquarium"?
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chronological
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7. When main ideas follow a directional pattern, they are organized in
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spatial order.
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Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the central idea "There are five basic positions of the feet in ballet"?
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topical
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Which pattern of organization would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To persuade my audience that high school and college football programs should act now to reduce the incidents of serious injuries in their sport."
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problem-solution
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What organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the central idea "Estate taxes should be retained because they preserve opportunity for all, because their elimination would increase the national deficit, and because they are consistent with American values of fairness and justice"?
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topical
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21. Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience about the major geographical regions of Mexico?"
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spatial
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Jackson had been a rodeo fan since childhood. In his informative speech, he gave a presentation with the following main points. Jackson's points were arranged in order. I. Rodeos began in the Old West as contests of skill among cowboys during cattle roundups. II. By 1920 rodeos had become a popular spectator sport for the general public. III. Today rodeos combine traditional western events with a circuslike atmosphere and the marketing techniques of big business.
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chronological
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Which organizational method is used in a speech with the following main points? I. Many citizens are victimized every year by incompetent lawyers. II. A bill requiring lawyers to stand for recertification every 10 years will do much to help solve the problem.
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problem-solution
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Here are the main points for an informative speech about the anatomy of the human ear. I. The outer ear includes the ear flap and the ear canal. II. The middle ear includes the eardrum and three tiny, interconnected bones. III. The inner ear includes the cochlea, the semicircular canals, and the auditory nerve. These main points are arranged in order.
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* a. spatial
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Which organizational method is used in a speech with the following main points? I. The outermost section of the Egyptian burial tomb was the entrance passage. II. The next section of the Egyptian burial tomb was the antechamber. III. The third section of the Egyptian burial tomb was the treasury. IV. The innermost section of the Egyptian burial tomb was the burial chamber.
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spatial
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Here are the main points for a speech on the subject of hearing loss. I. Hearing loss can be caused by genetic and environmental factors. II. Hearing loss can lead to significant changes in a person's daily life. These main points are arranged in order.
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causal
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Because of his family's medical history, Devin Hardaway decided to give his informative speech on sickle-cell anemia. When he finished work on the speech, it had the following main points. I. Sickle-cell anemia is a hereditary blood disease caused by abnormal blood cells. II. The effects of sickle-cell anemia include liver damage, blindness, paralysis, and early death. Devin's main points were arranged in order.
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causal
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Here are the main points for a speech about the impact of global warming: I. Global warming has had a major impact in North America. II. Global warming has had a major impact in South America. III. Global warming has had a major impact in Europe. IV. Global warming has had a major impact in Asia. V. Global warming has had a major impact in Africa. These main points are arranged in order.
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spatial
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Which organizational method is used in a speech with the following main points? I. As a social worker, Jane Addams founded the settlement house movement in Chicago. II. As a reformer, Jane Addams campaigned for child-labor laws, unemploy-ment compensation, and better public sanitation. III. As a suffragist, Jane Addams fought to give women the vote. IV. As a writer, Jane Addams is best known for her autobiographical Twenty Years at Hull House.
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topical
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Which organizational method is used in a speech with the following main points?
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topical
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Here are the main points for an informative speech about the major categories of dog breeds: I. The working dogs do rescue, police, herding, and guide jobs. II. The hound dogs are hunters that specialize in small animals. III. The terrier dogs make good watchdogs. IV. The toy dogs are primarily house pets. These points are organized in order.
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topical
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Which of the following organizational patterns is used more than any other method of speech organization because of its applicability to almost any subject?
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topical
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33. Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience about the three major kinds of drone aircraft used by the U.S. military"?
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topical
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Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience of the four factors that make a classic car collectible"?
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topical
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A speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience of the four major factors to consider when choosing a cell-phone plan" would most likely be arranged in order.
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topical
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A speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience of the steps involved in the process of making ice cream" would most likely be arranged in order.
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chronological
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A speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience how outbreaks of bird flu move from region to region" would most likely be organized in order.
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spatial
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A speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience of the major features of the Empire State Building" would most likely be organized in order.
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topical or spatial
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A speech about the causes and effects of domestic violence would most likely be organized in order.
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causal
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A speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience about the causes of domestic violence and its effects on society" would most likely be arranged in order.
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causal
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A speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience about the causes of domestic violence and its effects on society" would most likely be arranged in order.
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* b. causal
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Problem-solution order is most appropriate for organizing speeches.
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persuasive
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Here are the main points for a speech about the components of a medieval coat of armor. I. The head was protected by a helmet. II. The torso was protected by shoulder pieces, palates, a breastplate, a skirt of tasses, and a tuille. III. The arms and hands were protected by brassards, elbow pieces, and gauntlets. IV. The legs and feet were protected by cuisses, knee pieces, jambeaux, and sollerets. These main points are arranged in order.
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spatial
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Here are the main points for a persuasive speech about the environmental hazards created by discarded computers. I. Discarded computers have become a major source of lead and radiation pollution in landfills. II. Solving this problem requires government regulation and personal action by consumers and businesses. These main points are arranged in ____________ order.
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problem-solution
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If the following transition were used in a persuasive speech, the speech would most likely be organized in order. Now that I've told you about declining voter involvement in this country, let's look at what we can do about it.
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problem-solution
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Here are the main points for a persuasive speech on adult illiteracy. I. Adult illiteracy has reached crisis proportions in the United States. II. Solving the problem will require continued action by government and individual citizens alike. These main points are arranged in order.
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problem-solution
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A soccer player herself, Jenine is very concerned about the growing number of serious injuries at all levels of the sport. When the time came for her persuasive speech, she presented a speech with the following main points: I. In the past ten years serious soccer injuries have risen dramatically among players of all ages and skill levels. II. The best way to control this problem is through changes in rules and training. Jenine's main points were arranged in order.
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problem-solution
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If the following connective were used between the last two main points in an informative speech, the speech would most likely be organized in order. So far we have seen that the earliest roller coasters were developed in Russia and by the mid-1920s were very popular throughout the United States. Today, U.S. amusement parks attract millions of visitors because of their adventurous roller coasters. Let's take a look now at what the future holds for roller coasters.
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chronological
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If the following internal summary were used in an informative speech, the speech would most likely be organized in order. On our tour of campus thus far, we have moved from the student union on the east side of campus and around the perimeter. We've taken in the engineering campus on the north, the design college on the west side, and the school of education on the south.
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spatial
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If the following connective were used between the two main points of a persuasive speech, the speech would most likely be organized in order. Now that we have seen how the U.S. is facing a shortage of qualified teachers, let's turn to steps that should be taken to remedy the situation.
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problem-solution
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51. Words or phrases that indicate when a speaker has completed one thought and is moving on to another are called
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transitions
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2. "Now that we have seen the causes of unrest in central Africa, we shall turn to their effects . . ." is an example of a(n)
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transitions
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After discussing the first main point in his speech on sustainable agriculture, Rasheed said: So far, I have explained the problems associated with our present agricultural system. Next, I will explain what sustainable agricul-ture is and why it is vastly superior to the current system. According to your textbook, what type(s) of connective(s) did Rasheed use?
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transition
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After discussing the first main point of her speech on the exploration of Mars, Jeanne said: Let's take a moment to recap. To this point we have seen that scientists have made important discoveries about the terrain of Mars, including its channels, basins, and polar caps. Now let's move on from the terrain of Mars and look at the planet's atmosphere. According to your textbook, what type(s) of connective(s) did Jeanne use?
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internal summary b. transition
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According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? In order to get a better understanding of how the proposed copper mine will harm the environment, we shall consider its effects on the land, its effects on the water, and its effects on wildlife.
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internal preview
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According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? Now that we have learned about the history of Mormonism, let's consider its major beliefs.
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transition
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57. According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? In addition to helping people in need, working as a hospital volunteer provides you with valuable job experience.
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transition
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. According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? We have spent a lot of time talking about the problem of computer viruses. Now let's look at some solutions.
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transition
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According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? So, first, to what extent will you be protected by wearing a seatbelt?
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signpost
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60. According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of which kind of connective? As we have seen so far, ignorance about the disease and how it spreads, cultural norms that make it nearly impossible for women to protect themselves, and rampant poverty all contribute to the rapid growth of AIDS among women in Africa.
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internal summary
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According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of the speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? Let's pause for a moment to see what we have found thus far. First we have seen that America's criminal justice system does not effectively deter crime. Second we have seen that prison programs to rehabilitate criminals have failed.
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internal summary
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62. While working on the body of your speech, you realize that the steps of the process you just explained are fairly complex. You decide that you need to review those steps before moving on to the next main point. To accomplish this task, you would probably add a(n)
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internal summary.
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While working on the body of your speech, you see the need to let the audience know what the upcoming subpoints will be. You decide to add a(n)
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* b. internal preview.
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According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? In discussing the problem of childhood asthma, we shall look at the symptoms of the disease, its causes, and current treatments.
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. internal preview
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According to your textbook, brief statements that help listeners follow your ideas by indicating exactly where you are in the speech are called
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signposts
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66. According to your textbook, "My second point is . . ." is an example of a(n)
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signposts