Pharacology Exam 2

Topical medications may be in the form of: 1. powders 2. soaks 3. compresses and dressings 4. creams and ointments 5. gels and lotion

Lotions

Ophthalmic medications

Sublingual medications can be either sprays or small porous tablets.

Drugs applied to the cornea will not produce pain because the cornea has no blood or nerve supply.

Nasal preparations that spill into the throat should be swallowed for systemic effect

Patches are therapeutic for

Before applying percutaneous medications, the allied health professional should 1. be sure the medication is in the dosage form of manufacture and has not changed 2. be sure the medication is not expired 3. check the skin for its proper integrity 4. cleanse the skin of any residual medications 5. be sure the skin is adequately hydrated

In administering nasal medications, the head should be tilted forward for administration and then tilted backward for five minutes.

When applying nitroglycerin ointment, the allied health professional should

Vaginal medications come in the forms of

Patches, disks, and dots 1. come prepackaged to provide an extended effect 2. are a painless and convenient means of administering medication 3. should be applied to the chest 4. provide a continuous release of medication 5. should be disposed of in open trash containers

Rates of absorption for transdermal medications by site from the SLOWEST to FASTEST are

Soaks, compresses, and wet dressings

Medications for parenteral administration are supplied in all of the following forms EXCEPT

The parts of a needle include all of the following EXCEPT

To reconstitute powders for injection, the allied health professional should do all of the following EXCEPT

Syringes come in sizes that hold 0.5 mL to 60 mL.

A needle with a small lumen should be short in length.

Because parenteral medications are given under the skin, allergies to the additives or the base of the medication are not important

Parenteral routes of medication administration include all but which of the following?

Advantages of parenteral medication administration include all of the following EXCEPT medications

Medications that are given by injection have a longer duration of action than those taken orally.

When administering injectable medications 1. the smallest-gauge needle with the shortest length to match the site and viscosity of medication should be used 2. change the needle if the liquid adheres to the needle while preparing the injection 3. position the injection site in a manner that reduces muscle tension 4. insert the needle into the tissue smoothly, quickly, without a jerking motion 5. inject the medication rapidly

In the ambulatory care setting, the most common syringes used are

The parts of a syringe include all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following does not affect perception of pain by the patient?

Which of the following is NOT true about salicylate analgesics?

Aspirin is NOT used therapeutically as which of the following?

Analgesics that contain the word "cet" have what as an ingredient?

The side effects of opiate/opioid medications include

When taking analgesics, the patient should be taught to be sure that all of a previous dose of medication has been excreted from the body before taking another dose. This ensures that the patient will have the full effect of the medication to relieve symptoms of pain.

Fentanyl patches provide immediate relief of pain and do not require adjuvant medications.

Nonopioid analgesics when used alone will eventually relieve acute, severe, sharp pain and visceral pain.

Which of the following decrease sensitivity to pain? 1. tiredness 2. sleep 3. depression 4. empathy 5. medications 6. hunger 7. alcohol 8. anxiety 9. anger 10. addiction

The common combinations of OTC analgesics include acetaminophen with all of the following EXCEPT

Idiosyncratic reactions to analgesics include

The following are all true about fentanyl EXCEPT it

Adjuvant medications for pain may be from any of the following drug categories EXCEPT

NSAIDs are used for

Immunizations

Vaccines should be administered to all of the following people EXCEPT a

What are some of the important allergens found in immunizations?

The National Childhood Vaccine Act of 1986 requires recording which of the following?

MMR vaccine should ideally be given at what age?

With acquired immunity, the response becomes less potent with each exposure to the antigen.

DTaP vaccine requires how many immunizations if given properly?

Contraindications for taking immunizations include

If a person is leaving the United States to travel in foreign countries, whom can he or she call for a list of needed immunizations?

Persons taking immunosuppressants are more prone to infectious diseases.

The CDC recommends which of the following immunizations for polio?

Which of the following populations are at risk for immunizable diseases?

Sera for immune purposes may be obtained from all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following is NOT true of cephalosporins?

Which of the following is NOT true about drugs used to treat malaria?

Only a person who has a drug-resistant microbial infection must worry about contracting a drug-resistant disease.

Which of the following is NOT true about antifungals?

Germicidals work on which of the following microbes?

Culture and sensitivity tests may be done at any time during antimicrobial or antibiotic therapy.

Which of the following is NOT true of sulfonamides?

Prophylactic use of antibiotics may be appropriate with some patients, such as older adults or persons with congenital diseases.

Antiseptics, disinfectants, and germicides

Which of the following is NOT true about drugs for tuberculosis?

Antibiotics may be found from which of the following sources?

Gentian violet is used for fungal infections and will permanently stain clothing.

Which of the following is true of active immunity?

Vaccines have had very little effect on extending life; rather, disease treatment is more effective.

With chronic pain, the body becomes less responsive to analgesics, and higher doses of medication may be needed to produce relief.

The side effects of NSAIDs include

Which of the following increase sensitivity to pain? 1. tiredness 2. rest 3. depression 4. empathy 5. medications 6. hunger 7. alcohol 8. anxiety 9. anger 10. addiction

Acetaminophen has advantages over aspirin. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of acetaminophen?

When administering injectable medications 1. the smallest-gauge needle with the shortest length to match the site and viscosity of medication should be used 2. change the needle if the liquid adheres to the needle while preparing the injection 3. position the injection site in a manner that reduces muscle tension 4. insert the needle into the tissue smoothly, quickly, without a jerking motion 5. inject the medication rapidly

All of the following are important in selecting a needle for injection EXCEPT

When mixing medications from two vials, the allied health professional should do all of the following EXCEPT

When preparing an injection from both a vial and an ampule, the medication from the ampule should be drawn into the syringe first.

When preparing a medication from an ampule, all of the following are important EXCEPT

Parenteral medications must be

Creams are in a fatty base, while ointments are in a water base.

Otic medications

Patches, disks, and dots may be used therapeutically for

Inhaled medications may be 1. administered as MDIs 2. administered as either a vapor or a mist 3. administered in spray or powder form 4. rapidly absorbed because of the blood supply in the lungs 5. administered easily without patient education

When applying nitroglycerin ointment, the allied health professional should

Which of the following is NOT true about drug resistance with antibiotics?

Antimalarial drugs often have which of the following in their name?

Viruses are difficult to treat because a virus is dependent on a host cell.

Which of the following is NOT a way to classify penicillins?

Antibacterial medications include

Common side effects of antineoplastic agents are

Antibiotics used as chemotherapeutic agents are the same as those used for infectious diseases.

Benign tumors are named by the site plus "oma," as in

Exposure to radioisotopes may lead to radiation exposure to anyone around the isotopes.

Side effects of antineoplastics include

The patient may better tolerate chemotherapy and its side effects by

Cancer is routinely treated with

In preparing cytotoxic medications, which of the following must be used?

Tumors are classified by their stages of invasion from Stage A to Stage D.

Cell morphology for a diagnosis and for use of antineoplastics in metastasis is easier when the metastatic tumor mimics the primary tumor.

Toxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents include

Drugs for cancer are slow to reach the market because the FDA wants to be sure these drugs cannot destroy normal cells with the abnormal cells

Nausea from chemotherapy may be reduced by eating

Signs and symptoms of antineoplastic toxicity that should be reported to the physician include

The dosage of chemotherapeutic agents takes into account the

Characteristics of malignant tumors include

Cytotoxic medications may be given

Common side effects of medications for endocrine diseases include all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following are true of somatropin? 1. It is also known as growth hormone. 2. It is expensive to prescribe. 3. It should be used for any child who is of short stature. 4. It has a drug interaction with insulin. 5. Variations in its secretion may lead to acromegaly in adults and dwarfism in children.

Which of the following are true of glucocorticoids and other steroids? 1. They are potent anti-inflammatory agents. 2. Their adverse effects include "moon face," "pot belly," and "buffalo hump." 3. They cause the kidney to retain sodium. 4. They may be administered orally, intramuscularly, intravenously, intraarticularly, and topically. 5. They have distinct methods of administration that include alternate-day therapy and declining dosages.

Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia/insulin shock include all of the following EXCEPT

Glucose absorption inhibitors

Which of the following is true of insulin preparations?

Insulin preparations vary in

administration of insulin ...

Signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia/diabetic coma include all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following is true of thyroid hormones? 1. The three hormones secreted are thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin. 2. Hyposecretion is cretinism in infants and children and myxedema in adults. 3. Hyposecretion may be the result of lack of iodine as well as radiation therapy and surgical removal of the thyroid. 4. Replacement therapy is lifelong. 5. Replacement therapy regimen should be taken in the mornings because of the hormone's side effect of insomnia.

Hormones may be used for all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following is NOT true about the treatment of diabetes mellitus?

exam 3 after this (7/10 right)

*Which of the following are true of insulin? 1. It aids in the utilization of glucose for energy. 2. It stores excess glucose as glycogen in the liver. 3. It is responsible for the conversion of glucose to fat. 4. It decreases blood glucose levels. 5. It may be administered orally routinely.

Hyperglycemics

Which of the following is NOT true of calcitonin salmon?

When steroids are prescribed for long-term therapy, which of the following should be evaluated on a regular basis?

Calcitonin is secreted by the thyroid gland but is regulated by the parathyroid gland to ensure an adequate supply of calcium for neuromuscular and endocrine function.

Sort the following types of insulin from the shortestto the longest onset of action. 1. Regular 2. Levemir 3. Lispro 4. NPH

Which of the following is NOT true of insulin delivery systems?

Glitazones are a class of antihyperglycemics that are similar to other oral antidiabetic medications.

A medication error may occur in which of the following circumstances?

Which of the following is NOT a break in OSHA standards?

Housekeeping practices that increase quality assurance include all EXCEPT

The allied health professional should NOT administer medications

Percutaneous routes of medication administration usually have a slow rate of absorption and are difficult to apply.

When administering medications, which of the following should be documented?

Checklists for documentation should include all of the following EXCEPT

The seven rights of medication administration should always be the same and should have no deviation from office to office.

If an error occurs, what steps should be taken for patient safety?

Which of the following ensures the correct medication has been selected for use with medication administration?

Housekeeping practices that increase quality assurance include all EXCEPT

Medication errors with parenteral medications can be easily corrected if caught within 10 minutes

Factors that should be considered for patient safety with medication administration include all of the following EXCEPT

The oral route of medication administration is preferred because of which of the following EXCEPT

Usually, which of the following oral medication tablets may be crushed?

When administering liquid oral medications

For ease of swallowing oral solid medications, place the drug on the back of the tongue

Which of the following is not true of oral medication administration

Oral administration of medications may be altered by which of the following EXCEPT

Rectal medications may be

The forms of medication for oral consumption include all of the following EXCEPT

Storage of solid oral medications can be in any convenient place without consideration of moisture, light, or heat.

When administering rectal medications

The main danger of oral medication administration is aspiration of the drug into the respiratory tract.