Why is it often difficult to distinguish between the functions of the nervous and endocrine systems? See Section 46.1 (Page 962) .
answer
Both can send signals to distant parts of the body.
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Which type of hormone is lipid soluble?
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Steroids
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Which molecules determine the tissue specificity of hormones?
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receptors
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True or false? Lipid-insoluble hormones affect their target cells by binding to receptors inside the cell.
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False
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Which of the following statements about lipid-soluble hormones is true?
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They act by affecting the transcription of genes.
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Which of the following is a structure that allows hormone-receptor complexes to bind to specific DNA sequences?
answer
Zinc Finger
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What is the role of cAMP in the signal transduction pathway activated by epinephrine?
answer
It binds to and activates protein kinase A, which then phosphorylates other enzymes.
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True or false? For a signal transduction pathway to be activated, hormones must be present in the bloodstream at very high concentrations.
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False: Only low concentrations of hormones are needed in the bloodstream to activate a signal transduction pathway, which works by producing second messengers inside the cell that amplify the hormonal signal.
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Receptors for nonsteroid hormones are located in _____.
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association with a cell's plasma membrane
Submit
question
Which of these is a nonsteroid hormone?
answer
epinephrine and oxytocin
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How do nonsteroid hormones differ from steroid hormones?
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nonsteroid hormones act via signal transduction pathways; steroid hormones do not act via signal transduction pathways
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Which of these extracellular signal molecules could diffuse through a plasma membrane and bind to an intracellular receptor?
answer
estrogen: Steroid hormones such as estrogen can diffuse through the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors.
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The primary reason steroid hormones usually act slowly is that _____.
answer
they turn genes on or off and it takes time for gene products to build up or become depleted
Submit
question
Steroid hormone-receptor complexes act in _____.
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the nucleus
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There are nearly 30 different disorders of sexual development. Who can have these disorders?
answer
people with either XX or XY chromosomes
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Which of the following most accurately describes Katie's situation?
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Katie was born with testes, but her cells did not respond to the testosterone those testes produced.
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Which of the following biologically describes a hermaphrodite?
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Earthworms can fertilize each other to produce offspring.
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Many people with XY chromosomes and androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), like Katie, are not diagnosed until later in life, rather than at birth. Why is that?
answer
Babies with XY chromosomes and AIS usually appear to be normal females at birth. It is not until they have a hernia, or fail to menstruate, before a doctor would investigate further.
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In the video, the narrator says that Katie had her testes removed, and now takes pills to give her more appropriate hormones. What is the most likely explanation?
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Since Katie has no ovaries to produce estrogen, she likely takes an estrogen supplement that supports her gender identity.
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Which of the following is the best option if Katie wants to have children?
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She can adopt children.
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Gender identity is a person's personal sense of being a man or a woman. Katie says at the end of the clip that, given the traditional definitions of sex, she can't say whether her sex is male or female, but that her gender identity is definitely that of a woman. What does this indicate about gender identity?
answer
Gender identity is mostly likely the result of a combination of physical, physiological, and social factors.
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