Genes carry the instructions for making proteins; genes control cells by controlling protein production.
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What word is used to describe the exact position of a gene on a chromosome?
answer
Locus
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At what point in the cell cycle does a cell decide to undergo cell division?
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G1; the decision in G1 to divide is what causes the cell to progress to S phase.
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What must happen before a cell can begin mitosis?
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The chromosomes must be duplicated, which occurs during interphase.
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The centrosomes move away from each other and the nuclear envelope breaks up during which phase of mitosis?
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Prophases it the first phase of mitosis, when the centrosomes begin moving toward opposite poles and the nuclear envelope breaks up.
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The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell during which phase of mitosis?
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Metaphase occurs in the middle of mitosis, when the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
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The sister chromatids separate and begin moving toward opposite poles of the cell during which phase of mitosis?
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Sister chromatids separate and start their migration toward opposite poles during anaphase.
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The chromosomes arrive at the poles and nuclear envelopes form during which phase of mitosis?
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Telophase is the final phase of mitosis, when the chromosomes have arrived at the poles and the nuclear envelopes of the two new cells form.
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At the end of the mitotic (M) phase, the cytoplasm divides in a process called _____________.
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Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm that occurs in conjunction with telophase, the last phase in mitosis.
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Which of the following events occurs during prophase?
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The spindle microtubules must form before DNA can be sorted and divided.
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Which cellular structure contributes to the biggest difference between mitosis in plants and mitosis in animals?
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The cell wall of plants is rigid, preventing the cell from being pinched in half by a microfilament belt.
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How are homologous chromosomes defined?
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Homologous chromosomes have identical genes, but may have different varieties of that gene (different alleles)
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What is the most important reason for sexual reproduction?
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Sexual reproduction creates genetically unique individuals. The products of asexual reproduction are clones of the parent cells. Genetic uniqueness allows a species to adapt better to its environment.
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Meiosis starts with a single diploid cell and produces
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Meiosis produces four haploid cells.
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A cell preparing to undergo meiosis duplicates its chromosomes during
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Chromosomes are duplicated during interphase.
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During prophase I of meiosis
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Homologous chromosomes stick together in pairs during prophase I.
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The correct order of events during meiosis is
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Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I,Telophase I, Cytokinesis, Meiosis II.
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During meiosis, segments of nonsister chromatids can trade places. The recombination of maternal and paternal genetic material is a key feature of meiosis. During what phase of meiosis does recombination occur?
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Segments of nonsister chromatids trade places during Prophase I, resulting in recombination.
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Which of the following is a correct description of meiosis?
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Meiosis is one round of DNA replication followed by two rounds of cell division to reach the haploid number.
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In the laboratory fruit fly, n is 4. How man different chromosome set can be produced by one fly, excluding crossing over?
answer
2^4 variations; among each chromosome pair, a choice can be made. This means 2 to the power of n unique combinations exist.
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