Biology 111- Chapter 18 Test Bank

Which of the following is a protein produced by a regulatory gene?

A lack of which molecule would result in a cell's inability to "turn off" genes?

Which of the following, when taken up by a cell, binds to a repressor so that the repressor no longer binds to the operator?

Most repressor proteins are allosteric. Which of the following binds with the repressor to alter its conformation?

A mutation that inactivates a regulatory gene of a repressible operon in an E. coli cell would result in _____.

The lactose operon is likely to be transcribed when _____.

Transcription of structural genes in an inducible operon _____.

For a repressible operon to be transcribed, which of the following must occur?

Altering patterns of gene expression in prokaryotes would most likely serve an organism's survival by _____.

In positive control of several sugar-metabolism-related operons, the catabolite activator protein (CAP) binds to DNA to stimulate transcription. What causes an increase in CAP activity in stimulating transcription?

There is a mutation in the repressor that results in a molecule known as a super-repressor because it represses the lac operon permanently. Which of these would characterize such a mutant?

The trp repressor blocks transcription of the trp operon when the repressor _____.

Extracellular glucose inhibits transcription of the lac operon by _____.

CAP is said to be responsible for positive regulation of the lac operon because _____.

Imagine that you've isolated a yeast mutant that contains histones resistant to acetylation. What phenotype do you predict for this mutant?

The primary difference between enhancers and promoter-proximal elements is that enhancers _____.

The reason for differences in the sets of proteins expressed in a nerve and a pancreatic cell of the same individual is that nerve and pancreatic cells contain different _____.

Gene expression is often assayed by measuring the level of mRNA produced from a gene. If one is interested in knowing the amount of a final active gene product, a potential problem of this method is that it ignores the possibility of _____.

Not long ago, it was believed that a count of the number of protein-coding genes would provide a count of the number of proteins produced in any given eukaryotic species. This is incorrect, largely due to the discovery of widespread _____.

One way to detect alternative splicing of transcripts from a given gene is to _____.

Which of the following mechanisms is (are) used to coordinate the expression of multiple, related genes in eukaryotic cells?

DNA methylation and histone acetylation are examples of _____.

In eukaryotes, general transcription factors _____

Steroid hormones produce their effects in cells by _____.

Which of the following is most likely to have a small protein called ubiquitin attached to it?

The phenomenon in which RNA molecules in a cell are destroyed if they have a sequence complementary to an introduced double-stranded RNA is called _____.

At the beginning of this century there was a general announcement regarding the sequencing of the human genome and the genomes of many other multicellular eukaryotes. Many people were surprised that the number of protein-coding sequences was much smaller than they had expected. Which of the following could account for much of the DNA that is not coding for proteins?

Among the newly discovered small noncoding RNAs, one type reestablishes methylation patterns during gamete formation and blocks expression of some transposons. These are known as _____.

Which of the following best describes siRNA?

The fact that plants can be cloned from somatic cells demonstrates that _____.

Your brother has just purchased a new plastic model airplane. He places all the parts on the table in approximately the positions in which they will be located when the model is complete. His actions are analogous to which process in development?

The product of the bicoid gene in Drosophila provides essential information about _____.

If a Drosophila female has a homozygous mutation for a maternal effect gene, _____.

Mutations in which of the following genes lead to transformations in the identity of entire body parts?

Which of the following are maternal effect genes that control the orientation of the egg and thus the Drosophila embryo?

The bicoid gene product is normally localized to the anterior end of the embryo. If large amounts of the product were injected into the posterior end as well, which of the following would occur?

In colorectal cancer, several genes must be mutated for a cell to develop into a cancer cell. Which of the following kinds of genes would you expect to be mutated?

A cell is considered to be differentiated when it _____.

When the Bicoid protein is expressed in Drosophila, the embryo is still syncytial (divisions between cells are not yet fully developed). This information helps to explain which observation by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus?

The protein of the bicoid gene in Drosophila determines the _____ of the embryo.

Which of the following types of mutation would convert a proto-oncogene into an oncogene?

Proto-oncogenes _____.

The product of the p53 gene _____.

Tumor-suppressor genes _____.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are considered to be tumor-suppressor genes because _____.

Forms of the Ras protein found in tumors usually cause which of the following?

A genetic test to detect predisposition to cancer would likely examine the APC gene for involvement in which type(s) of cancer?