ap gov judiciary example #18834

the power of courts to declare laws unconstitutional

the view that judges should decide cases strictly on the basis of the language of the laws and the Constitution

the view that judges should discern the general principles underlying laws of the const. & apply them to modern circumstances

a federal court authorized by article 3 that keeps judges in office during good behavior and prevents their salaries from being reduced. they are the supreme, appelate & district courts created by Congress

the lowest federal courts; federal trials can be held only here

federal courts that hear appeals from district courts; no trials

courts created by congress for specialized purposes whose judges do not enjoy protections of article 3

an examination of the political idology of a nominated judge

cases concerning the constitution, federal laws or treaties

cases involving citizens of different states who can bring suit in federal courts

an order by a higher court directing a lower court to send up a case for review

a menthod whereby a poor person can have his case heard in federal court without charge

a rule that allows a plaintiff to recover costs from the defendant if the plaintiff wins

the party that initiates a lawsuit

a legal rule stating who is authorized to start a lawsuit

a case brought by someone to help him or her and all others who are similarly situated

a written statement by an attorney that summarizes a case and the laws and ruling that support it

a brief submitted by a "friend of the court"

a brief, unsigned court opinion

a signed opinion of a majority of the Supreme Court

a signed opinion in which one or more members agree with the majority view but for different reasons

a signed opinion in which one or more justices disagree with the majority view

"let the decision stand" or allowing prior rulings to control the current case

an issue the supreme court will allow the executive and legislative branches decide

a judicial order enforcing a right or redressing a wrong

established the federal court system by dividing the country into federal judicial districts, creating district courts & courts of appeal(circuit courts), 3 tear system. 6 JUSTICES

set number of justices at 9, relieved circuit riding burden, created new circuit judgeships

no more circuit riding, "created" court of appeals, greatly reduced SCOTUS workload

gave SCOTUS discretion when granting "cert", "rule of 4":all it takes is 4/9 to hear a case

a ruling that sets guidelines for future similar cases

first time a case is heard, establishes facts of case/determines innocence or guilt

higher court that reviews trial court decisions, does NOT retry case, only determines it

deal with state laws; 3 levels: trial, appellate, state supreme(final appeal). cases may be appealed to the SCOTUS if a federal or constitutional issue is involved

has original jurisdiction over federal issues; 3 levels: trial, appellate & supreme

94 across the country (CA has 4); original jurisdicition over federal cases; territory courts also have original jurisdiction over local cases

Presidential custom of submitting the names of prospective appointees for approval to senators from the states in which the appointees are to work. (distict level)

The jurisdiction of courts that hear cases brought to them on appeal from lower courts. These courts do not review the factual record, only the legal issues involved.

a statement that presents the views of the majority of Supreme Court justices regarding a case. "winning" decision, sets precedent

4th ranking justice dept.official. "tenth justice" supervises & conducts govt litigation in the SCOTUS, determines the legal position that the US will take in the SCOTUS. files amicus curiae briefs in cases in which the fed govt has a significant interest, determines which cases the govt will appeal

the tendency of judges to interpret the Const according to their only views, actively involved..strong belief in judicial review

legislative and exectuive branches set policy and only get involved if that policy is a flagrant violation of the const.

written order from a court to a governmant official , demading the performance of some public duty

court orders that forbid a particular action

a court order that requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are holding the person

the first court to hear a criminal or civil case

A law that governs relationships between individuals and defines their legal rights.

the body of law dealing with crimes and their punishment

A pattern of voting behavior of two or more justices. liberal bloc & cons. bloc..no longer reflects makeup of framers

a vote that decides the result of an election - kennedy now

The principal trial court of the state; a court of unlimited monetary and subject matter jurisdiction, and an appeal court for decisions of municipal courts and small claims courts.

anew; from the beginning; the case is tried in the appellate court as if it had not been tried previously and witnesses are allowed to testify