Mastering Biology Chapter 13 Meiosis

25 July 2022
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question
What must happen to a chromosome before a cell starts mitosis?
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The single DNA molecule in the chromosome must be replicated.
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Which of the following phases make up the stages of mitosis?
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Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
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Which of the following events characterizes metaphase of mitosis?
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alignment of the chromosomes at the equator
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Measurements of the amount of DNA per nucleus were taken on a large number of cells from a growing fungus. The measured DNA levels ranged from 3 to 6 picograms (pg) per nucleus. During the entirety of which stage of the cell cycle did the nucleus contain 6 pg of DNA?
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G2
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Asexual reproduction _____.
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produces offspring genetically identical to the parent
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What number and types of chromosomes are found in a human somatic cell?
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44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes
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For what purpose(s) might a karyotype be prepared?
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The first three answers are correct.
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In alternation of generations, what is the diploid stage of a plant that follows fertilization called?
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sporophyte
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How are sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes different from each other?
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Homologous chromosomes contain the same gene loci but may have different alleles of a particular gene. Sister chromatids are identical copies of each other produced during DNA replication.
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Why do some species employ both mitosis and meiosis, whereas other species use only mitosis?
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They need both if they are producing plant gametes.
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Human gametes are produced by _____.
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meiosis
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Normal human gametes carry _____ chromosomes.
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23
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Which of these cells is (are) haploid?
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C and D
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A diploid organism whose somatic (nonsex) cells each contain 32 chromosomes produces gametes containing _____ chromosomes.
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16
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Meiosis I produces _____ cells, each of which is _____.
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two, haploid
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Meiosis II typically produces _____ cells, each of which is _____.
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four, haploid
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During _____ sister chromatids separate.
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anaphase II
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At the end of _____ and cytokinesis, haploid cells contain chromosomes that each consist of two sister chromatids.
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telophase I
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Synapsis occurs during _____.
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prophase I
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Homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite poles during _____.
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anaphase I
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During _____ chromosomes align single file along the equator of a haploid cell.
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metaphase II
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At the end of _____ and cytokinesis there are four haploid cells.
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telophase II
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During _____ a spindle forms in a haploid cell.
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prophase II
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In diploid cells: mitosis results in the formation of how many cells; meiosis results in the formation of how many cells?
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two diploid cells ... four haploid cells
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Which of the following occurs during meiosis but not during mitosis?
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Synapsis occurs.
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What is crossing over?
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the exchange of homologous portions of nonsister chromatids
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Part A Meiosis Terminology
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A. Chromatin B. Genes C. Chromosomes D. Genome E. Traits F. Locus G. Gametes
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Part B Interactions Among Chromosomes
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A. non homologous chromosomes B. sister chromatids C. homologous chromosomes D. centromere E. non sister chromatids F. homologous chromosomes G. sister chromatids
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Part C Animal Life Cycles
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A. 2N B. 2N C. meiosis D. meiosis E. n F. egg G. sperm H. n I. fertilization J. 2N K. zygote L. mitosis M. 2N N. meiosis O. n P. egg
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Part B crossing over
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A. anaphase II B. metaphase II C. prophase I D. metaphase I E. yes F. no G. no H. yes
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The parent cell that enters meiosis is diploid, whereas the four daughter cells that result are haploid.
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DNA content is halved in both meiosis I and meiosis II. Ploidy level changes from diploid to haploid in meiosis I, and remains haploid in meiosis II.
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Video Tutor Quiz Part A
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mitosis
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Video Tutor Quiz Part B
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meiosis I only
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Video Tutor Quiz Part C
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centromere
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Video Tutor Quiz Part D
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10
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Video Tutor Quiz Part E
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the start of meiosis I
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Which processes lead to most genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?
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crossing over, random fertilization, independent assortment of chromosomes in meiosis
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Which of these gametes contains one or more recombinant chromosomes?
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B and C
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Root Words Part A
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poly- many de- from, out of, remove ad- to neutr- of neither gender or type -Phil (or philo)- to love trop- (or tropic)- change, turn, move dys- difficult, painful anti- against co- with or together with non- not
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Root Words Part B
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hem- (or hemato)- blood hetero- different, other semi- one half intra- within -ase- enzyme trans- across meta- change, after lact- milk tri- three
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The shuffling of chromosomes that occurs during both fertilization and _____ can lead to genetic variation.
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meiosis
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Heritable variation is required for which of the following?
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evolution
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Part A - Processes that determine heredity and contribute to genetic variation
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heredity only- NONE genetic variation only- NONE both- they literally all go here
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Part B - Independent assortment and genetic variation
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Arrangement 1- 3 and 8 Arrangement 2- 1 and 5 Arrangement 3- 6 and 2 Arrangement 4- 4 and 7
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Part C- Assume that an organism exists in which crossing over does not occur, but that all other processes associated with meiosis occur normally. Consider how the absence of crossing over would affect the outcome of meiosis. If crossing over did not occur, which of the following statements about meiosis would be true? Select all that apply.
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There would be less genetic variation among gametes.
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Misconception Question 62 Part A-
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this cell is diploid
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Misconception Question 63 Part A-
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The cell is diploid because it contains two sets of chromosomes.
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Misconception Question 64 Part A-
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The two chromatids were formed by duplication of a chromosome.
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Two sister chromatids are joined at the centromere prior to meiosis. Which statement is correct?
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Barring mutation, the two sister chromatids must be identical.