Diabetes

Which statement is true regarding gestational diabetes? a) It occurs in most pregnancies. b) Onset usually occurs in the first trimester. c) A glucose challenge test should be performed between 24 and 28 weeks. d) There is a low risk for perinatal complications.

NPH is an example of which type of insulin? a) Short-acting b) Intermediate-acting c) Rapid-acting d) Long-acting

A nurse is teaching a client recovering from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) about management of "sick days." The client asks the nurse why it is important to monitor the urine for ketones. Which statement is the nurse's best response? a) "Ketones are formed when insufficient insulin leads to cellular starvation. As cells rupture, they release these acids into the blood." b) "When the body does not have enough insulin, hyperglycemia occurs. Excess glucose is broken down by the liver, causing acidic by-products to be released." c) "Excess glucose in the blood is metabolized by the liver and turned into ketones, which are an acid." d) "Ketones accumulate in the blood and urine when fat breaks down in the absence of insulin. Ketones signal an insulin deficiency that will cause the body to start breaking down stored fat for energy."

The diabetic client asks the nurse why shoes and socks are removed at each office visit. Which assessment finding is most significant in determining the protocol for inspection of feet? a) Autonomic neuropathy b) Retinopathy c) Sensory neuropathy d) Nephropathy

A patient who is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes would be expected to: a) Be restricted to an American Diabetic Association diet. b) Have no damage to the islet cells of the pancreas. c) Need exogenous insulin. d) Receive daily doses of a hypoglycemic agent.

A nurse expects to find which signs and symptoms in a client experiencing hypoglycemia? a) Polyuria, headache, and fatigue b) Polyphagia and flushed, dry skin c) Polydipsia, pallor, and irritability d) Nervousness, diaphoresis, and confusion

A client with diabetes is receiving an oral antidiabetic agent that acts to help the tissues use available insulin more efficiently. Which of the following agents would the nurse expect to administer? a) Metformin b) Glyburide c) Repaglinide d) Glipizide

A client with diabetes mellitus has a blood glucose level of 40 mg/dL. Which rapidly absorbed carbohydrate would be most effective? a) 1/2 cup fruit juice or regular soft drink b) 4 oz of skim milk c) 1/2 tbsp honey or syrup d) three to six LifeSavers candies

The nurse is preparing a presentation for a group of adults at a local community center about diabetes. Which of the following would the nurse include as associated with type 2 diabetes? a) Onset most common during adolescence b) Insufficient insulin production c) Less common than type 1 diabetes d) Little relation to prediabetes

A nurse is preparing to discharge a client with coronary artery disease and hypertension who is at risk for type 2 diabetes. Which information is important to include in the discharge teaching? a) How to self-inject insulin b) How to monitor ketones daily c) How to recognize signs of diabetic ketoacidosis d) How to control blood glucose through lifestyle modification with diet and exercise

A client with diabetes mellitus develops sinusitis and otitis media accompanied by a temperature of 100.8° F (38.2° C). What effect do these findings have on his need for insulin? a. They have no effect. b. They decrease the need for insulin. c. They increase the need for insulin. d. They cause wide fluctuations in the need for insulin.

Which instruction about insulin administration should a nurse give to a client? a. "Always follow the same order when drawing the different insulins into the syringe." b. "Shake the vials before withdrawing the insulin." c. "Store unopened vials of insulin in the freezer at temperatures well below freezing." d. "Discard the intermediate-acting insulin if it appears cloudy."

A client with status asthmaticus requires endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Twenty-four hours after intubation, the client is started on the insulin infusion protocol. The nurse must monitor the client's blood glucose levels hourly and watch for which early signs and symptoms associated with hypoglycemia? a. Sweating, tremors, and tachycardia b. Dry skin, bradycardia, and somnolence c. Bradycardia, thirst, and anxiety d. Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia

The nurse is explaining glycosylated hemoglobin testing to a diabetic client. Which of the following provides the best reason for this order? a. Provides best information on the body's ability to maintain normal blood functioning b. Best indicator for the nutritional state of the client c. Is less costly than performing daily blood sugar test d. Reflects the amount of glucose stored in hemoglobin over past several months.

A patient who is 6 months' pregnant was evaluated for gestational diabetes mellitus. The doctor considered prescribing insulin based on the serum glucose result of: a. 90 mg/dL before meals. b. 120 mg/dL, 1 hour postprandial. c. 80 mg/dL, 1 hour postprandial. d. 138 mg/dL, 2 hours postprandial.

A client's blood glucose level is 45 mg/dl. The nurse should be alert for which signs and symptoms? a. Coma, anxiety, confusion, headache, and cool, moist skin b. Kussmaul's respirations, dry skin, hypotension, and bradycardia c. Polyuria, polydipsia, hypotension, and hypernatremia d. Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss