What is the purpose of protocols in data communications?
answer
Providing the rules required for a specific type of communication to occur
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If the default gateway is configured incorrectly on the host, what is the impact on communications?
answer
The host can communicate with other hosts on the local network, but is unable to communicate with hosts on remote networks
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What is the general term that is used to describe a piece of data at any layer of a networking model?
answer
Protocol data unit
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Why are open standards important in the data communications industry?
answer
They enable interoperability between software and hardware from different vendors.
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Which layer of the OSI model defines services to segment and reassemble data for individual communications between end devices?
answer
Transport
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What layer of the TCP/IP protocol model determines the best path through the network?
answer
Internet
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What type of message is sent to a specific group of hosts?
answer
Multicast
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Which message delivery option is used when all devices need to receive the same message simultaneously?
answer
Broadcast
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What type of delivery uses data link layer addresses?
answer
Local delivery
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At which layer of the OSI model would a physical address be encapsulated?
answer
Data link layer
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The MAC address is embedded in the ________ of a PC.
answer
NIC
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What 3 requirements are defined by the protocols used in network communications to allow message transmission across a network?
answer
Message encoding, message size, and delivery options
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Which layer of the OSI model defines services to segment and reassemble data for individual communications between end devices?
answer
Transport layer, Layer 4
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If the default gateway is configured incorrectly on the host, what is the impact on communications?
answer
The host can communicate with other hosts on the local network, but is unable to communicate with hosts on remote networks.
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What layer of the TCP/IP protocol model determines the best path through the network?
answer
Internet layer
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The MAC address of a PC does not change when the PC is moved to a different network because the MAC address is embedded in the_________of the PC.
answer
NIC
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Which logical address is used for delivery of data to a remote network?
answer
Destination IP address
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What three requirements are defined by the protocols used in network communications to allow message transmission across a network?
answer
Delivery options,
Message size,
Message encoding,
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What is the purpose of protocols in data communications?
answer
providing the rules required for a specific type of communication to occur.
question
What type of message is sent to a specific group of hosts?
answer
Multicast
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At which layer of the OSI model would a physical address be encapsulated?
answer
Data link layer
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Which message delivery option is used when all devices need to receive the same message simultaneously?
answer
Broadcast
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Which three acronyms/initialisms represent standards organizations? (Choose three.)
answer
IEEE,
IANA,
IETF,
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Why are open standards important in the data communications industry?
answer
They enable interoperability between software and hardware from different vendors.
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Which statement is correct about network protocols?
Network protocols define the type of hardware that is used and how it is mounted in racks.
They define how messages are exchanged between the source and the destination.
They all function in the network access layer of TCP/IP.
They are only required for exchange of messages between devices on remote networks.
answer
They define how messages are exchanged between the source and the destination.
Network protocols are implemented in hardware, or software, or both. They interact with each other within different layers of a protocol stack. Protocols have nothing to do with the installation of the network equipment. network protocols are required to exchange information between source and destination devices in both local and remote networks.
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What is the purpose of protocols in data communications?
specifying the bandwidth of the channel or medium for each type of communication
specifying the device operating systems that will support the communication
providing the rules required for a specific type of communication to occur
determining the electronic specifications to enable the communication
answer
providing the rules required for a specific type of communication to occur
Protocols provide rules that define how a message is transmitted across a network. Implementation requirements such as electronic and bandwidth details for data communication are specified by standards. Operating systems are not specified by protocols, but will implement protocols.
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What three functions are defined by network protocols to allow communication between known source and destination IP addresses? (Choose three.)
connector specifications
data encoding
media selection
message size
delivery options
end-device installation
answer
data encoding
message size
delivery options
Networking protocols include details of:
addressing
encoding
size
encapsulation type
timing
delivery options
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What is an advantage of using standards to develop and implement protocols?
A particular protocol can only be implemented by one manufacturer.
Products from different manufacturers can interoperate successfully.
Different manufacturers are free to apply different requirements when implementing a protocol.
Standards provide flexibility for manufacturers to create devices that comply with unique requirements.
answer
Products from different manufacturers can interoperate successfully
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Which organization develops the 802 family of standards for wired and wireless LANs and MANs?
ISOC
ITU-T
IEEE
ISO
IANA
answer
IEEE
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What organization developed the OSI reference model that is used in networking?
ISOC
TIA
ISO
EIA
IANA
answer
ISO
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Which two message timing mechanisms are used in data communications? (Choose two.)
response timeout
formatting
encapsulation
flow control
encoding
answer
response timeout
flow control
Flow control and response timeout are two message timing mechanisms that are used in communications to manage the number of messages sent at once and to manage the period to wait for a response. Encoding, encapsulation, and formatting relate to message structure and representation, not timing
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What type of delivery uses data link layer addresses?
remote delivery
local and remote delivery
local delivery
remote delivery using routers
answer
local delivery
If a device is sending frames to another device on the same local network, it uses ARP to determine the MAC address of the receiving device. The sending device then uses the Layer 2 addresses to send the frames.
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What happens when two devices on the same subnet are communicating?
The host portion of the IP addresses will be different.
The data link layer addresses are added to the IP header.
The sending device will use ARP to determine the IP address of the receiver.
The frame will be sent to the default gateway for delivery to the receiving device.
answer
The host portion of the IP addresses will be different.
When two devices are on the same local network, the network portion of their IP addresses will be the same and the host portion of their IP addresses will be different. Two devices on the same network do not need the default gateway in order to communicate with one another. The default gateway is used when the destination IP address is on a different network.
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Which logical address is used for delivery of data to a remote network?
destination MAC address
destination IP address
destination port number
source MAC address
source IP address
answer
destination IP address
The destination IP address is used for end-to-end delivery of data to a remote network. The destination MAC address is used for delivery on a local network. The destination port number identifies the application that should process the data at the destination. Source addresses identify the sender of the data.
question
Which two components are added to the PDU at the network access layer? (Choose two.)
trailer
IP header
TCP header
HTTP header
frame header
answer
trailer
frame header
When an IP packet is sent to the network access layer, it is encapsulated within a frame header and trailer. The frame is then converted to bits that are transmitted over the media.
question
Which message delivery option is used when all devices need to receive the same message simultaneously?
duplex
unicast
multicast
broadcast
answer
broadcast
When all devices need to receive the same message simultaneously, the message would be delivered as a broadcast. Unicast delivery occurs when one source host sends a message to one destination host. The sending of the same message from a host to a group of destination hosts is multicast delivery. Duplex communications refers to the ability of the medium to carry messages in both directions
question
Match the TCP/IP layer to the protocol, service, or application that works within that layer.
application layer ->
transport layer ->
internet layer ->
network access layer ->
