Which type(s) of subatomic particles can be located within the nucleus of an atom?
answer
Protons and Neutrons
question
Which subatomic particles contribute to an atom's mass number but not its atomic number?
answer
Neutrons
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An atom of oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 18. How many of each type of subatomic particle does it contain?
answer
8 protons, 8 electrons, and 10 neutrons.
question
What is the primary energy-transferring molecule in cells?
answer
ATP
question
What is the classification of a solution with a pH of 8.3?
answer
Alkaline solution
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Which is response provides the best explanation as to why ionic compounds easily dissociate in water?
answer
Its unusual polar arrangement allows more substances to dissolve in water than in any other chemical.
question
What type of bond if formed between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and the hydrogen atom of another water molecule?
answer
Hydrogen bond.
(The attraction between the slightly negative oxygen atom of one molecule and the slightly positively charged hydrogen atom within a separate water molecule is the basis of hydrogen bond formation. It is a form of dipole-dipole interaction.)
question
Rank the chemical bonds from relatively weakest to strongest.
answer
Hydrogen, Ionic, Covalent
question
Electrically charged particle due to loss of an electron
answer
Cation
question
Neutral subatomic particle
answer
Neutron
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Smallest particle of an element that retains its properties.
answer
Atom
question
Combination of two or more atoms of the same element held together by chemical bonds.
answer
Molecule
question
Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic steps involved in enzyme activity?
answer
The substrate absorbs chemical energy from the enzyme after binding to its active site.
question
Which parts of atoms can interact (react) to form chemiclal bonds?
answer
Valence electrons
question
Atoms of oxygen have a total of 8 electrons. Are these atoms stable, and why or why not?
answer
No, because the atoms have only 6 valence electrons, but need 8 for stability.
question
Carbon atoms have vour valence electroms. Are they likley to react with other atoms, and why or why not?
answer
Yes, because they can become more stable by doing so.
question
Which of the following is not produced through chemical bonding?
answer
Atoms
question
What explains the negative charge on the oxygen atom within the water molecule?
answer
Oxygen atoms have a stronger pull on the electrons shared within a covalent bond formed between oxygen and hydrogen.
question
Which of the following is true about lipids?
answer
Triglycerides are composed of three fatty acids and one glycerol and are stable because they do not dissolve in water.
question
Which of the following is FALSE?
answer
The weight of matter remains constant wherever it is located.
question
What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?
answer
Kinetic energy is energy in action, while potential energy is stored energy.
question
All salts are ions, but not all ions are salts. True or False?
answer
True
question
Usually, the first one or two letters of an element's name.
answer
Atomic symbol
question
Number of protons in an atom.
answer
Atomic number
question
Combined number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
answer
Mass number of an element
question
The major function of DNA is to store the genetic instructions that are used during protein synthesis. True or False.
answer
True
question
Which organic molecules form the major structural materials of the body?
answer
Proteins
question
Except for elements 1 and 2, all other elements are stable with how many electrons in their outermost (valence) energy level?
answer
8
question
Nonpolar molecules are the result of unequal electron pair sharing. True or False?
answer
False
question
Which of the following statements is true concerning the differences between compounds and mixtures?
answer
Compounds are all homogeneous
question
Which of the following is NOT a difference between a compound and a mixture?
answer
Mixtures are homogeneous while compounds are heterogeneous.
question
Atomic weight is equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. True or False?
answer
False
question
After the transfer of the electron, sodium will form an ion with ___________.
answer
A charge of a +1
question
Which of the following is true?
answer
The reactivity of an atom is based on the number of electrons in its outer valence.
question
Which of the following is NOT a subatomic particle?
answer
Molecule
question
Which four elements comprise approximately 96% of our body weight?
answer
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen
question
Which of the following is true of protein structure?
answer
Secondary protein structures are caused by hydrogen bonding between adjacent amine and carboxyl groups.
question
Which of the following best describes an isotope?
answer
An atomic structural variation in which atoms have differing numbers of neutrons.
question
In a solution, the solute is the substance present in the greatest amount. True or False?
answer
False
question
Which of the following is NOT one of the three major types of chemical reactions?
answer
Hyperbolic
question
Sodium has one valence electron, while chlorine has seven. What type of chemical bond is most likely to occur between sodium and chlorine?
answer
Ionic
question
Which of the following is NOT considered a form of matter?
answer
X rays
question
Water is an important molecule because it ______________.
answer
Can form hydrogen bonds
question
A weak base buffers an acid by completely dissociating and accepting of all the acid's H+. True or False?
answer
False
question
What is an ion?
answer
An atom that has either gained or lost electron(s)
question
When an ionic bond forms, which part(s) of the atoms are directly involved?
answer
The outermost electrons
question
How do ions form ionic bonds?
answer
Ions of opposite electrical charges are attracted to each other to balance the charges.
question
Calcium's atomic number is 20. It forms ions with 18 electrons. What is the electrical charge of a calcium ion?
answer
+2
question
Formation of hydrogen bonds requires hydrogen atoms and what else?
answer
Polar covalent bonds
question
Which of the following correctly ranks the types of chemical bonds, in order, from strongest to weakest?
answer
Covalent, ionic, hydrogen
question
Which of the following disinguishes hydrogen bonds from covalent bonds?
answer
Only hydrogen bonds can form between molecules
question
Which of the following is not a result of hydrogen bonds?
answer
Two hydrogen atoms join together to form a molecule of hydrogen gas.
question
The pH scale __________________.
answer
is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in a soluiton
question
In a covalent bond,
answer
atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.
question
Covalent bonds:
answer
involve the sharing of one to three pairs of electrons
question
Which of the following is true of covalent bonds?
answer
The electrons are shared unequally
question
A molecule of water (H2O) is formed by what type of bond?
answer
Polar covalent bonds
question
Which of the following is a FALSE statement about carbohydrates?
answer
The chemical composition of carbohydrates includes two oxygens and one hydrogen for every carbon present.
question
Bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms are generally_________.
answer
nonpolar covalent bonds
question
ATP is an unstable, high-energy molecule that provides body cells with a form of energy that is immediately usable. True or False?
answer
True
question
Which of the following statements about the polarity of covalent bonds is correct?
answer
Small elements with 6 or 7 electrons are electron-hungry and usually become electromagnetic after attracting electrons.
question
What holds the sodium and chloride ions together in a chemical bond?
answer
an electrical attraction between opposite charges
question
Which of the following is NOT a fundamental subatomic unit of an element?
answer
Nucleus
question
Foods are broken down into their building blocks by adding water. This would be an example of which characteristic of water?
answer
Water acts as a reactant
question
Water acts to dissolve molecules in the body. How does water dissolve salt (NaCl) in your mouth from a salty pretzel?
answer
Water acts as a solvent because the partial negative charge on the oxygen in water attracts sodium, while the partial positive charge on hydrogen attracts chloride. This results in the separation of sodium from chloride, thus breaking the ionic bond.
question
In plasma, a typical body fluid, protein floating around would be considered to be which of the following?
answer
A solute, specifically both a colloid and an electrolyte
question
Electrolytes are charged particles called ions that are dissolved in body fluids. Which of the following ions would be considered a major anion in the body?
answer
Chloride
question
Which pH is more acidic, a pH of 3, a pH of 7 or a pH of 9?
answer
pH of 3
question
Cortisol is a type of lipid hormone. Which type of lipid would cortisol be classified as?
answer
Steriod
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