During RNA processing a(n) _____ is added to the 5' end of the RNA.
answer
modified guanine nucleotide
question
During RNA processing a(n) _____ is added to the 3' end of the RNA.
answer
a long string of adenine nucleotides
question
Spliceosomes are composed of _____.
answer
snRNPs and other proteins
question
The RNA segments joined to one another by spliceosomes are _____.
answer
exons
question
Translation occurs in the _____.
answer
cytoplasm
question
What is a ribozyme?
answer
a biological catalyst made of RNA
question
Which of the following types of mutation, resulting in an error in the mRNA just after the AUG start of translation, is likely to have the most serious effect on the polypeptide product?
answer
a deletion of two nucleotides
question
Generally speaking, which of the following mutations would most severely affect the protein coded for by a gene?
answer
a frameshift deletion at the beginning of the gene
question
The direction of synthesis of an RNA transcript is _____.
answer
5' to 3'
question
Which of the following processes correctly describes alternative RNA splicing?
answer
It can allow the production of proteins of different sizes and functions from a single mRNA.
question
In bacteria, there are 61 mRNA codons that specify an amino acid, but only 45 tRNAs. Which of the following statements explains this fact?
answer
The rules for base pairing between the third base of a codon and tRNA are flexible.
question
Once a peptide bond has been formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the P site and the amino acid associated with the tRNA in the A site, what process occurs next?
answer
translocation
question
Post-translational modifications of proteins may include which of the following processes?
answer
addition of carbohydrates to form a glycoprotein
question
The most commonly occurring mutation in people with cystic fibrosis is a deletion of a single codon. What is the result of this type of mutation?
answer
a polypeptide missing an amino acid
question
Which component is not directly involved in translation?
answer
DNA
question
The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is
answer
complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon.
question
What is true of a codon?
answer
It extends from one end of a tRNA molecule.
question
Which of the following statements correctly describes a ribozyme?
answer
It is an RNA with catalytic activity.
question
What is a codon?
answer
A codon is a group of three bases that can specify only one amino acid.
question
What is true of mutations?
answer
An addition mutation results in an added base in the DNA sequence, a deletion mutation results in the loss of a base in the DNA sequence, and addition and deletion mutations disrupt the primary structure of proteins.
question
If a DNA sequence is altered from TAGCTGA to TAGTGA, what kind of mutation has occurred?
answer
Deletion
question
Which mutation(s) would not change the remainder of the reading frame of a gene sequence that follows the mutation(s)?
answer
One addition and one deletion mutation
question
If the sequence ATGCATGTCAATTGA were mutated such that a base were inserted after the first G and the third T were deleted, how many amino acids would be changed in the mutant protein?
answer
two
question
If a mutated DNA sequence produces a protein that differs in one central amino acid from the normal protein, which of the following kinds of mutations could have occurred?
answer
An addition mutation and a deletion mutation.
question
Which of the following molecular structures contain codons?
answer
mRNA
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