The monthly ovarian cycle can be divided into follicular and luteal phases.
During the follicular stage, FSH from the anterior pituitary stimulates the development of an ovarian follicle, which produces estrogen and a small amount of progesterone.
High levels of estrogen in the blood exert negative feedback control over the anterior pituitary to stop the release of FSH and to halt the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle.
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A spike in estrogen levels also causes a sudden secretion of a large amount of GnRH from the hypothalamus, leading to a surge of LH, which causes ovulation at about the 14th day of a 28-day cycle.
During the luteal phase, LH promotes the development of the corpus luteum, which secretes estrogen and progesterone.
The increasing amount of progesterone in the blood inhibits secretion of LH by the anterior pituitary, and the luteal phase comes to an end.
As the levels of progesterone and estrogen in the body are reduced, menstruationbegins.
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1. Germ cells in the testes produce 2n cells called spermatogonia
2. Meiosis begins with primary spermatocytes
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3. Meiosis I ends with the production of secondary spermatocytes, which are the first haploid cells in the process.
4. Meiosis II results in the production of 4 haploid spermatids
5. Maturation of the sperm occurs in the seminiferous tubules.
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When a primary follicle enlarges, and there are several layers of granulosa cells, it is called a
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secondary follicle.
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Which of the following has an antrum?
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Mature follicle
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Which of the following is involved in ovulation?
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Mature follicle
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At full maturity, an oocyte is located in the corona radiata.
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False
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Complete the following statements in order to describe the location and stages of spermatogenesis in the male reproductive system.
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Each of the male testes is composed of lobules, compartments which contain one to three seminiferous tubules each.
Within these structures, cells undergo spermatogenesis, the production of sperm.
During this process, spermatagonia divide to produce primary (2n) spermatocytes.
After these spermatocytes move away from the outer wall and increase in size, they undergo meiosis to produce secondary spermatocytes with 23 chromosomes (n).
Secondary spermatocytes undergo a second division to produce four spermatids also with 23 chromosomes each.
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Match the male accessory gland with its secretions.
Drag each of the terms or statements in the proper category to identify whether the given label refers to an item or process that occurs prior to or after ovulation. Assume that the ovulation occurs on day 14 and unless specifically stated, assume fertilization was unsuccessful.
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Before Ovulation:
Primordial follicles
First meiotic division
First polar body formation
Mature follicle
After Ovulation:
Corpus albicans
Second meiotic division completion
Second polar body formation
Second meiotic division begins
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Match the phase associated with the changes in the endometrium during the female monthly cycle with its description.
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1. Occurs while the ovary is in its follicular phase; estradiol stimulates growth of the stratum functionale of the endometrium Proliferative phase
2. Occurs while the ovary is in its luteal phase; the endometrium becomes thick and more vascularized Secretory phase
3. Sloughing off of the stratum functionale of the endometrium occurs Menstrual phase
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Type "LH" and "FSH" in the correct locations in the sentence.
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The growth of follicles and the secretion of estradiol are dependent on FSH correct, while the surge in LH incorrect at the end of the follicular phase is responsible for ovulation.
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Check all that are normal functions of the uterine tubes.
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Transport the oocyte to the uterus
Site for fertilization
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Which cells produce testosterone?
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Interstitial cells
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How many sperm are produced in the testes each day?
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60 million
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Which duct(s) of the male reproductive system pass(es) through the prostate gland?
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Ejaculatory ducts
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Which part of the penis has the external urethral orifice?
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Glans
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Which of the following is an accessory reproductive gland in the male?
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Prostate
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Match the duct of the male reproductive system with its function.
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Combines fluids from seminal vesicles and prostate
Ejaculatory duct
Passage from epididymis to inside body
Ductus deferens
Stores sperm
Epididymis
Transports semen to outside body
Urethra
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Fill in the missing item in each sentence, and then put the sentences in order showing the movement of sperm out of the body.
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1. Sperm mature in the seminiferous tubules.
2. Sperm become motile in the epididymis.
3. Once motile, sperm enter the vas deferens.
4. Before sperm move out of the body, the seminal vesicles add nutrients to the sperm and the prostate secretes a protective fluid.
5. Before moving into the combined urinary and reproductive passage out of the body, sperm move into the ejaculatory duct.
6. The sperm move out of the body through the urethra.
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Match the names of male reproductive fluid components with their appropriate definitions.
Ovulation involves the release of the _____________ from a vesicular follicle.
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secondary oocyte
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Put the stages of follicle development into the correct order, beginning with the earliest structure that develops.
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1. Primordial follicle
2. Primary follicle
3. Secondary follicle
4. Mature follicle
5. Corpus luteum
6. Corpus albicans
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Gonadotropin releasing hormone is released by the
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hypothalamus
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Which hormone prevents degeneration of the corpus luteum?
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Human chorionic gonadotropin
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Decreasing levels of ____________ lead to sloughing, or shedding, of the endometrial lining.
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progesterone
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When does a mature oocyte complete meiosis I?
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Just prior to ovulation
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If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum becomes a
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corpus albicans.
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The internal organs of the female reproductive system include the
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ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina.
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Each ovary is attached to the uterus by the __________ ligament and is held in place by the ______________ ligament.
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ovarian; suspensory
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The uterus serves as the site of implantation for the embryo, supports the developing embryo, and contracts during birth to expel the fetus.
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True
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Which region of the uterine tube is the normal site of fertilization?
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The ampulla
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Which of the following is found in the cortex of the ovary?
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The ovarian follicles
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Match the region of the uterine tube with its description.
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Region just medial to infundibulum
Ampulla
Extends medially from ampulla
Isthmus
Continuous with uterine wall
Uterine part
Funnel-shaped lateral margin
Infundibulum
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Match the phases of the ovarian cycle with their descriptions.
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1. Primary follicles develop into secondary follicles; one follicle matures and becomes a Graafian follicle. Follicular phase
2. A secondary oocyte is released from the ovary and enters the uterine tube. Ovulation
3. The empty follicle becomes a corpus luteum, which secretes estradiol and progesterone. Luteal phase
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Indicate the correct pathway sperm travel through ducts of the male reproductive tract.
