Biology_Chapter_10

24 July 2022
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question
Which of these is a difference between a DNA and an RNA molecule?
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DNA is double-stranded, whereas RNA is single-stranded.
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Which of these nitrogenous bases is found in DNA but not in RNA?
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thymine
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In a nucleotide, the nitrogenous base is attached to the sugar's _____ carbon and the phosphate group is attached to the sugar's _____ carbon.
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1' ... 5'
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Nucleic acids are assembled in the _____ direction.
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5' to 3'
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In a DNA double helix an adenine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand, and a guanine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand.
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thymine ... cytosine
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What do DNA and RNA have in common?
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Both are composed of nucleotides.
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DNA and RNA are polymers composed of ________ monomers.
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nucleotide
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The backbone of DNA consists of ________.
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a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern
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RNA contains the nitrogenous base ________ instead of ________, which is found only in DNA.
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uracil... thymine
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If adenine makes up 20% of the bases in a DNA double helix, what percent of the bases is guanine?
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30%
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If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the other strand?
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CAGGTA
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What type of chemical bond joins the bases of complementary DNA strands?
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hydrogen
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After replication, ______.
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each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand Submit
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The DNA polynucleotide structure contains which one of the following?
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adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
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RNA processing involves the addition of ________ to the ends of the RNA transcript.
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extra nucleotides
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The RNA segments spliced to one another during RNA processing are _____.
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exons
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Translation occurs in the _____.
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cytoplasm
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How do mutations affect an organism?
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they may cause the development of a disease-causing allele they may cause the development of a more beneficial allele they, in some cases, may have no noticeable affect
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DNA replication occurs at an unbelievably fast rate. Once replication is complete, we can expect to find a _____ number of mistakes.
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small
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A female that is planning to become pregnant is concerned about her exposure to environmental mutagens which may have caused DNA mutations. In order for these mutations to become heritable, they must affect the:
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her egg cells
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Which of the following would indicate a base pairing mutation in DNA?
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a G paired with a T
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Which of the following events occurs during transcription?
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A molecule of RNA is formed based on the sequence of nucleotides in DNA.
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Which of the following is a correct statement about mRNA?
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mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm following RNA processing.
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The site of translation is
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ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm.
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Which one of the following does not play a role in translation?
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DNA
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Which of the following does not occur during RNA processing?
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mRNA attaches to the small subunit of a ribosome.
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The information carried by a DNA molecule is in __________.
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the order of the nucleotides in the molecule
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Early geneticists wondered how only four nucleotides can specify the sequence of 20 amino acids in proteins. They hypothesized that there must be a code that linked the nucleotide sequence in a gene to the amino acid sequence in a protein. Each nucleotide code is called a codon. Today we know that there is a genetic code in which __________nucleotide(s) code(s) for each amino acid.
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3
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After an RNA molecule is transcribed from a eukaryotic gene, portions called _____ are removed and the remaining _____ are spliced together to produce an mRNA molecule with a continuous coding sequence.
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introns ... exons
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The anticodon of an incoming _____ molecule, carrying its amino acid, pairs with the mRNA _____ at the ribosome.
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tRNA ... codon
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The flow of information in a cell proceeds __________.
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from DNA to RNA to protein Submit
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How many amino acids are common to all living systems?
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20
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How many nucleotides make up a codon?
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three
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The shared genetic code of all life on Earth is evidence that ________.
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all life shares a common ancestry Submit
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Transcription is the ________.
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manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA
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If a strand of DNA has the sequence AAGCTC, transcription will result in a(n) ________.
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single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAG Submit
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The absence of a terminator in transcription will result in ________.
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the production of a longer RNA molecule
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What protects mRNA from attack by cellular enzymes?
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a cap and tail
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The expressed (coding) regions of eukaryotic genes are called ________.
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exons
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Translation converts the information stored in ________ to ________.
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RNA... a polypeptide
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Where is translation accomplished?
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ribosomes
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Peptide bonds form between ________.
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amino acids
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What name is given to the collection of traits exhibited by an organism?
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phenotype
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Which of the following enzymes is responsible for RNA synthesis?
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RNA polymerase
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The RNA that is translated into a polypeptide is ________ RNA.
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messenger
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A mutation within a gene that will insert a premature stop codon in mRNA would ________.
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result in a shortened polypeptide chain
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While working with cultured mouse cells, a researcher unknowingly treated the cells with a mutagen that causes the deletion or insertion of individual nucleotides in DNA. Subsequently, the researcher isolated and cultured a single cell from this group and noticed that the progeny of this cell were not producing a certain protein and that this affected their survival. The researcher isolated a different single cell and determined that it was producing a certain protein. However, the protein was much shorter than it should have been. What kind of mutation likely occurred in this protein?
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one that introduced a premature stop codon
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What is the smallest number of nucleotides that must be added or subtracted to change the triplet grouping of the genetic message?
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one
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How does RNA polymerase know where to start transcribing a gene into mRNA?
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RNA polymerase starts when the enzyme attaches to a specific nucleotide sequence called a promoter at the beginning of a gene.
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Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell?
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translation
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A mutation is __________.
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a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA Submit